ENGLISH-LANGUAGE

Class8

2020-2021

Assignment–1

SimplePresentTense

Thesimplepresent(alsocalledpresentsimpleorpresentindefinite)isaverbtense

whichisusedtoshowrepetition,habitorgeneralization.Lesscommonly,thesimple

presentcanbeusedtotalkaboutscheduledactionsinthenearfutureand,insome

cases,actionshappeningnow.

SimplePresentForms

Thesimplepresentisjustthebaseformoftheverb.Questionsaremadewithdoand

negativeformsaremadewithdonot.

Statement:YouspeakEnglish.

Question:DoyouspeakEnglish?

Negative:YoudonotspeakEnglish.

Inthethirdpersonsingular,-sor-esisadded.Questionsaremadewithdoesand

negativeformsaremadewithdoesnot.

Statement:HespeaksEnglish.

Question:DoeshespeakEnglish?

Negative:HedoesnotspeakEnglish

SimplePresentUses

USE1RepeatedActions

Usethesimplepresenttoexpresstheideathatanactionisrepeatedorusual.The

actioncanbeahabit,ahobby,adailyevent,ascheduledeventorsomethingthat

oftenhappens.Itcanalsobesomethingapersonoftenforgetsorusuallydoesnot

do.

Examples:

Iplaytennis.

Shedoesnotplaytennis.

Doesheplaytennis?

Thetrainleaveseverymorningat8AM.

Thetraindoesnotleaveat9AM.

Whendoesthetrainusuallyleave?

Shealwaysforgetsherpurse.

Heneverforgetshiswallet.

Everytwelvemonths,theEarthcirclestheSun.

DoestheSuncircletheEarth?

USE2FactsorGeneralizations

Thesimplepresentcanalsoindicatethespeakerbelievesthatafactwastruebefore,

istruenow,andwillbetrueinthefuture.Itisnotimportantifthespeakeriscorrect

aboutthefact.Itisalsousedtomakegeneralizationsaboutpeopleorthings.

Examples:

Catslikemilk.

Birdsdonotlikemilk.

Dopigslikemilk?

CaliforniaisinAmerica.

CaliforniaisnotintheUnitedKingdom.

Windowsaremadeofglass.

Windowsarenotmadeofwood.

NewYorkisasmallcity.Itisnotimportantthatthisfactisuntrue.

USE3ScheduledEventsintheNearFuture

Speakersoccasionallyusesimplepresenttotalkaboutscheduledeventsinthenear

future.Thisismostcommonlydonewhentalkingaboutpublictransportation,butit

canbeusedwithotherscheduledeventsaswell.

Examples:

Thetrainleavestonightat6PM.

Thebusdoesnotarriveat11AM,itarrivesat11PM.

Whendoweboardtheplane?

Thepartystartsat8o'clock.

Whendoesclassbegintomorrow?

USE4Now(Non-ContinuousVerbs)Speakerssometimesusethesimplepresentto

expresstheideathatanactionishappeningorisnothappeningnow.Thiscanonly

bedonewithnon-continuousverbsandcertainmixedverbs.

Examples:

Iamherenow.

Sheisnotherenow.

Heneedshelprightnow.

Hedoesnotneedhelpnow.

Hehashispassportinhishand.

Doyouhaveyourpassportwithyou?

Exercises:

Rewritethefollowingsentencesintheirnegativeforms:

1. Harshhelpsinthekitchen.

2. Itisraining.

3. Nidhihasapetdog.

4. SusieandShyamaareworkinginthegarden.

5. Wearescaredofspiders.

6. Iamtired.

7. Raviandhisfriendsplayfootballeveryevening.

8. Iaminameetingnow.

9. Larryhasabluebicycle.

10. Thestudentispunctual.

Fillintheblankswithsimplepresenttenseformofverbs:

1. I___________atabank.(work)

2. She__________withherparents.(live)

3. Cows__________ongrass.(feed)

4. He_______ahandsomesalary.(earn)

5. Janet________tobeasinger.(want)

6. Emily__________deliciouscookies.(make)

7. Artiandherhusband_______inSingapore.(live)

8. RohanandSania____________toplaycardgames.(like)

9. Sophia_________Englishverywell.(speak)

10. Martin__________forawalkinthemorning.(go)

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ENGLISHLITERATURE

Class-VIII

2020-21

Assignment-1

TOPIC-INTHEBAZAARSOFHYDERABAD

IntheBazaarofHyderabadisaamazingpoemwrittenbySarojiniNaidu.The

poemwaswritten as a part of the SwadeshiMovement. The poem is in the

formofquestionsandanswersthatmakesthepictureofthebazaarvisibleto

us.

Thepoembeginswithquestions tomerchantaboutwhat theyaresellingas

they display red and silver colour turbans, brocade tunics, mirror and

daggers.

Thenshevisitsvendors,maidensandthepeddlers.Theyareweighingsaffron

lentilsandrice.Themaidensaregrindingsandalwood,hennaandspicesand

thesalesmenaresellingchessmenanddiceforchess.

Answerthefollowingquestions:-

Q.1.HowwillyoudescribeanIndianmarket?

Q.2.Whatarethefewthings,thataresoldinanIndianmarket?

Q.3Whicharticleofcommonuseissoldtomostofthepeople?

Q.4.Whatisapoetry?

Referencetocontext:-

Whatdoyousell,OyeMerchants?

Richlyyourwaresaredisplayed.

Q.n.1-WhatisbeingaskedfromtheMerchants?

Q.n.2-Whatisthepurposeofdisplayingtheirarticlesinthebazaar?

Matchthefollowingwordswiththemeaningswrittenbelowthenusethemin

yourownsentences:

Crimson,wares,tunic,brocade,amber,dagger

1) Aloosegarment

2) Sword

3) Red

4) Articlesofferedforsale

5) Orangecolouredresin

6) Arichfabricwovenwithgoldorsilverthread.

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MATHS

Class8

Session–2020-21

Assignment–1TOPIC:RATIONALNUMBERS

Firstly,webeginwithrevisionofsometermslike-

Naturalnumbers:Thecountingnumbers1,2,3……arecallednaturalnumbers.

Whole numbers: The natural numbers together with zero form a set of whole

numbersi.e.0,1,2,3….

Integers:Naturalnumbersalongwithzeroand theirnegativesarecalled integers

i.e.………-3,-2,

-1,0,1,2,3……

NOTE:Zeroistheonlyintegerthathasnosign.

Therefore, a number which canbe expressed in the formp/q, where p and q are

integersandq≠0iscalledarationalnumber.Forexample:2/7, -3/8,2, -7, -1/3

areallrationalnumbers.

NOTE:Everyintegerisarationalnumberbuteveryrationalnumberisnotaninteger.

Everynaturalnumberisarationalnumberbutnotvice-versa.

Thesetofrationalnumbersisinfinite.

A rational number should always be expressed in standard form i.e. the

denominatorwillalways

havepositivesignandtherationalnumberbeinsimplifiedform.

If the numerator and denominator of a rational number have the same sign, it is

calledapositiverationalnumber.E.g.1/3,-3/-4,areallpositiverationalnumber.

Ifthenumeratoranddenominatorofarationalnumberhavetheoppositesign,itis

calledanegativerationalnumber.E.g.-4/7,3/-8,areallnegativerationalnumbers.

Rationalnumbershavingthesamevaluearecalledequivalentrationalnumbers.E.g.

Additionofrationalnumbers:

Ifthedenominatorsofrationalnumbersareequal,thentheadditionwillbeinthis

way-

Forexample:

If thedenominatorsof rationalnumbersaredifferent, then theadditionwillbe in

thisway-

Forexample:

Exercise1.1Q1. Findthesum:

(i) 5/8+(-7/8)(ii) 19/30+(-9/30)

Q2. Add:

(i) 7/16and-3/4 (ii) -17/20and-3/7

Q3. Simplify:

(i) 7/10+(-4/5)+(-9/10) (ii) (-7/6)+3/8+¼

Propertiesofrationalnumbers:

Additiveidentity:Thesumofzeroandanyrationalnumberistherationalnumber

itself.

NOTE:Zeroiscalledtheadditiveidentity.

Ifa/bbeanyrationalnumber,then

a/b+0=0+a/b=a/b

Additive inverse: The additive inverse of any rational number is the rational

numberitselfwithoppositesign.Whenitisaddedtothegivenrationalnumber, it

giveszeroasthesum.

Ifa/bbeanyrationalnumber,then

a/b+(-a/b)=0where(-a/b)isadditiveinverseofgivenrationalnumber.

Exercise1.2

Q1. Add:

(i) -8/11+0 (ii)5/3+(-5/3)

Q2. Writetheadditiveinverseofthefollowingrationalnumbers:

(i) -3/11 (ii) 3/-19

Q3.

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PHYSICS

Class8

Session–2020-21

Assignment–1

TOPIC:MATTERThisisawellknowntopicwhichdoesnotrequireanyintroduction.Butstilljustfor

revisionwewillgothroughsomebasicpoints:

Matterisanysubstancewhichhasmassandoccupiesspace. Matteriscomposedofverysmallparticleswhichmaybemolecules,atomsor

ions.

Matterexistsinthreephysicalstates-solidstate,liquidstate&gaseousstate.

.

Kineticmoleculartheoryexplainsthecharacteristicsofthethreestatesof

matter&theirinterconversion.

Differenceincharacteristicsofthreestatesofmatter:

Parameters Solids Liquids Gases

Packingof

molecules

Closelypacked Looselypacked Veryloosely

packed

Intermolecular

space

Verylow Morethansolids

lessthangases

Maximum

Intermolecular

forceof

attraction

Verystrong Lessthansolids

morethangases

Negligible

Molecular

movement

Possessonly

vibratorymotion,

butthemean

positionisfixed

Possesstranslatory

&rotatorymotion

inadditionto

vibratorymotion

Possess

translatory,

rotatory&

vibratorymotionin

alldirections

Kineticenergy Verylowkinetic

energy

Kineticenergy

morethansolids

Kineticenergyis

highest

Solidshavedefinitemass,shape&volume.

Liquidshavedefinitemass&volumebutnodefiniteshape;theytakethe

shapeofthevesselinwhichtheyarekept.

Gaseshavedefinitemass,butnodefiniteshapeorvolume.

Intermolecularforceofattractionisinverselyproportionaltointermolecular

spacei.e.morespacebetweentheparticlesofmatter,lessintermolecular

forceofattractionbetweentheparticles.

Allparticleshaveadefinitespatialarrangement.

Allparticlesareinconstantrandommotionduetowhichtheparticlesof

matterpossesskineticenergy.

Answerthefollowing:

Q1. Namethestateofmatterthathas:

(i) thegreatestintermolecularspace.

(ii) theleastinintermolecularforceofattraction.

(iii) hasfixedvolume&shape.

(iv) nofixedvolume&nofixedshape.

(v) themaximumfreedomofmovementofitsparticles

Q2. Fillintheblanks:

(i) Theparticlesofasubstanceare________packedinasolidstate. (ii) Asubstancewhichhas________intermolecularforceofattractionwill

haveahighmeltingpoint.

(iii) Theparticlesofmatterarein_______motionastheyhave_______energy.(iv) Liquidsare_______compressible.(v) Gaseshave_______densities.

Q3. Givereasons:

(i) Solidsdonotdiffuseintooneanother.

(ii) Liquidsaswellasgasesarecalledfluids.

Q4. Whatarethethreecharacteristicsofmatter.

Q5. Findtheoddoneout&givereasonforyouranswer:

(i) Compressibility,nodefiniteshape,diffusibility,leastkineticenergy.

(ii) Nitrogen,oxygen,hydrogen,water.

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CHEMISTRY

Class–8

2020–2021

Assignment–1

Chapter–MatterMatter–matterisdefinedasanythingthathasmassandoccupiesspace.

Matteroccursinthreestatesi.e.solid,liquidandgas.Allstatesofmatteraremade

ofnumerous

particles(atomsormolecules).Thespacebetweentheseparticlesiscalled

intermolecularspaceandtheforceofattractionbetweentheparticlesiscalled

intermolecularforceofattraction.

Characteristicsofsolids

1.Insolidstheparticlesaretightlypacked.Sotheyhaveafixedshapeandvolume.

2.Densityofsolidsisveryhigh.

3.Solidsarerigidandcannotflow.

4.Solidscannotbecompressed.

5.Intermolecularforceofattractioninsolidsisveryhighastheparticlesaretightly

packed.

Characteristicsofaliquid

1.Inliquidstheparticlesarelesstightlypackedascomparedtosolidsandsotheir

intermolecularforceofattractionislessthansolids.

2.Densityofliquidsislessthansolids.

3.Liquidscanbecompressedtoalittleextent.

4.Liquidshavenodefiniteshapebuthaveadefinitevolume.

5.Liquidsarelessrigidandcanflow.

6.Liquidshaveonefreesurface.

Characteristicsofgases

1.Gaseshavenegligibleintermolecularforceofattractionandsotheirmoleculesare

farapartfromeachother.

2.Gasescanbecompressedtoagreatextent.

3.Gasescanflowveryeasilybecauseofnegligibleforceofattraction.

4.Gasesdonothaveadefiniteshapenorvolume.

5.Gaseshavetheleastdensity.

6.Gaseshavenofreesurface.

Interconversionofmatter

Theconversionofoneformofmatterintoanotherandbacktoitsoriginalstateis

calledinterconversionofmatter.

Termsrelatedtotheinterconversionofmatter

1.Melting/Fusion-thechangeofstatefromsolidtoaliquidataparticular

temperatureiscalledmelting.Thetemperatureatwhichmeltingtakesplaceis

calledmeltingpoint.

2.Freezing/solidification-thechangeofstatefromliquidtoasolidataparticular

temperatureisfreezing.Thetemperatureatwhichfreezingtakesplaceiscalled

freezingpoint.

3.Boiling-thechangeofstatefromliquidtoagasataparticulartemperatureis

calledboiling.Thetemperatureatwhichliquidboilsiscalledit’sboilingpoint.

4.Evaporation-thechangeofstatefromliquidtogashappeningatalltemperatures.

5.Condensation/liquifactionThechangeofstatefromgastoliquidoncoolingata

particulartemperatureiscalledcondensation.Thetemperatureatwhich

condensationoccursiscalledtheliquifactiontemperature.

6.Sublimation-thechangeofstatefromsoliddirectlyintoagasonheatingand

backintoasolidoncoolingiscalledsublimation.

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Answerthefollowingquestions-:

1.Definematter.Namethethreestatesofmatter.

2.Whatisinterconversionofmatter.

3.Comparethethreestatesofmatteronthebasicofthefollowingpoints-

i)Density

ii)intermolecularspace

iii)Compressibility

iv)Fluidity

v)Shapeandvolume

4.Definethefollowingterms-

i)Sublimation

ii)Melting

iii)Liquifaction

iv)Evaporation

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BIOLOGY

Class-8

2020-21

Assignment–1TOPIC-REPRODUCTIONINPLANTS(ASEXUALREPRODUCTION)

Beforestartingwhatisasexualreproductionwewillfirstunderstandwhat

reproductionisandwhatistheimportanceofreproduction.

“Reproductionistheprocessofgivingrisetonewindividualorganismfromtheir

parents”

Meaningwhenaparentgivesbirthtoanewindividualisknownasreproduction.

Therearetwotypesofreproductionsexualandasexualreproduction.

IMPORTANCE:

Theimportanceofreproductionistoprotectthespeciesfromextinction.

Nowwewillcometowhatisasexualreproduction.

“Asexualreproductionistypeofreproductioninwhichonlyoneparentisrequireto

givebirthorriseaindividualorganism”

Inasexualreproductiontwogametes(cells)arenotrequired.Asexualreproduction

isasimplestmethodthattakesplaceinorganismwhosebodieshavesimple

structure.

Asexualreproductionisoffollowingtype:

a) BinaryFission

b) Budding

c) SporeFormation

d) Fragmentation

e) Regeneration

f) VegetativePropagation

Firstwewilldiscussfirsttwotypeofasexualreproduction

1) BinaryFission:binarymeanstwoandfissionmeansdivision,

Whenaparentcellgetsdividedintotwodaughtercellsisknownasbinary

fission.

BINARYFISSIONINBACTERIA

Inbinaryfissionthebacteriumdividesintotwodaughtercellandeachdaughtercell

arecapableofgrowingintoaindividualcell.Atfirstthenuclearmaterialwillstart

dividingafterthatcellmembranewillstartdividingduetocontractiondevelopment

andattheendthesinglecellbacteriumwillbedividedintotwodaughtercells.

2) Budding:Buddingisatypeofasexualreproductioninwhichaneworganism

developsfromanoutgrowthorbudduetocelldivisionatoneparticularsite.

Inbuddinganoutgrowththatiscalledbudappearsonthebodyoftheorganismor

parentbodyhavingallthecytoplasmicmaterialinit,eventuallyaftersometimethat

budwilldetachesfromtheparentbodyandwillbecapabletogrowinanindividual.

QUESTIONS:

1) Whatisthemethodofreproductioninyeast?

2) Whatisthemethodofreproductioninbacteria?

3) Drawwelllabelleddiagramofbinaryfissioninbacteria?

4) Drawwelllabelleddiagramofbuddinginyeast?

5) Whatdoyouunderstandbyasexualreproduction?

6) Whatdoyouunderstandbyreproduction?Writethetypesofreproductions.

7) In______anoutgrowthdevelopsupontheparentplantandthenbreaksaway

fromit.(Fragmentation/budding)

8) _______reproducebybinaryfission.(bacteria/virus)

9) In_______typeofreproductiononlysingleparentisrequired.(asexual/

sexual)

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HISTORY

Class-VIII

2020-2021

Assignment–1

TOPIC-APERIODOFTRANSITIONHistorianshavedividedhistoryintothreeperiods-ancient,medievalandmodern.It

mustberememberedthatthechangefrommedievaltomodernwasagradual

processandtookplaceoveraperiodoftime.

The18thcenturyisgenerallytakenasthestartingpointofthemodernperiodin

India.ThiswasthetimewhentheBritishbecamethemastersofIndia.Ontheother

hand,themodernperiodinEuropebeganfromthe16thcentury.

Sources

ThereisanabundanceofsourcematerialsforthemodernperiodinIndia.Thesecan

bedividedintotwogroups-primarysourceandsecondarysource.

Primarysourceincludeoriginaldocumentssuchasletters,governmentreports,

autobiographies,newspapers,audioandvideorecordingsandarchaeological

remainssuchasmonumentsandartefacts.Manyofthesearepreservedinarchives

andmuseums.

SecondarysourcesHistoriansstudyprimarysourcesandinterpretthem.These

interpretationsaresecondarysources.Example-reports,reviews,articlesand

booksbyhistorians.

MODERNEUROPE

Themodernperiodischaracterizedbygreaterinteractionamongthecountriesof

theworld.Therefore,itisimportanttoknowaboutthesignificanteventsand

changesthattookplaceinotherpartsoftheworldduringthistime.

Renaissance

ThewordRenaissanceliterallymeans‘rebirth’.Itwasaculturalmovementthat

spannedroughlythe14thcenturyand17thcentury.ThemovementbeganinItaly

andspreadtotherestofEurope.Itaimedtoreviveclassicalglory,learningand

cultureofancientGreeceandRome.Art,architecture,literature,philosophyand

scienceofthisperiodwereinfluencedbytherenaissance.TheRenaissancethinkers

wererationalist.Theyaskedpeoplenottoblindlyacceptwhateverthechurchtold

them.Peoplewereaskedtojudgeandacceptthingsinthelightofreason.Humans

becamethecentreofstudyduringtheRenaissance.Secularthemesanddepictionof

thehumanformbecamethefocusofpaintingandsculptures.Michaelangelo

Buonarroti,WilliamShaekespear,LeonardodaVinci,NicolausCopernicus,Galileo

GalileiandIsaacNewtonaresomeimportantnamesofthatperiod.

Reformation

TheReformationwasanimportantmovementinthehistoryofEurope.Thenew

spiritofenquiryopposedthepracticesoftheRomanCatholicChurch.Somepeople

spokeoutagainstthechurchfortheybelievedthatithadbecometoorich,powerful

andcorrupt.ThesepeoplewerecalledtheProtestants.

ProtestsagainstthecorruptpracticesofthechurchofficialswasledbyMartin

Luther,amonkinGermany.InSwitzerland,UlrichZwingliandJohnCalvin

popularizedtheprotestantmovement.InEngland,themovementwasledbyHenry

VIII.InresponsetotheProtestantreformation,amovementbeganwithinthe

RomanCatholicChurchtorestorethereputationandcredibilityofthechurch.This

isknownastheCatholicReformation.

EXERCISESTrueorFalse:

1.ThemodernperiodinIndiabeganinthe18thcentury.

2.Photographsaresecondarysources.

3.TheRenaissancethinkerswerecalledrationalists.

4.ChristopherColumbusledthereformationmovement.

5.Archaeologicalremainsaresecondarysources.

6.JohnCalvinwasafamousrenaissancepainterandsculptor.

7.Reformationledtothegrowthofnewtownsandcities.

8.InEnglandtheReformationmovementwasledbyHenryVIII.

9.UlrichZwingliwasamonkinGermany.

10.ModernperiodinEuropebeganfromthe16thcentury.

Answerthefollowing:

1.WhichmovementmarkedthebeginningofthemodernperiodinEurope?

2.WhatwerethepeoplewhospokeagainstthecorruptpracticesoftheChurch

called?

3.WhendidthemodernperiodbegininEurope?

4.Writetwoexamplesofsecondarysources.

5.WhatdoesRenaissancemean?Inwhichcountrydidthemovementbegin?

6.WhoweretheProtestants?Withwhichmovementaretheyassociated?

7.Withreferencetothemodernperiod,discussthefollowing:

a.Primarysourcesb.Secondarysources

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GEOGRAPHY

Class-8

2020-21

Assignment-1

Ls.RepresentationofGeographicalFeaturesTopographicalmaps

Thelarge-scalemaps,preparedbytheSurveyofIndia,basedontheactualfield

surveyarecalledthetopographicalmapsortoposheets.Thesemapsshowthe

detailsaboutlandforms,drainagepatterns,landuse,settlementpatterns,transport,

forestsandculturalfeaturesofaverysmallarea.

Accordingtothescale,thetoposheetsarecategorizedintothreemaingroups.

*Millionsheets*Quartersheets

*Quadrantsheets

MillionsheetsIndiaandtheadjoiningcountriesare

dividedinto4°*4°sheetsThesesheetsarecalledthemillionsheetsTheextentof

eachmillionsheetis4°oflatitudesand4°oflongitudes.Atotalof36millionsheets

aredrawntocoverourwholecountry.Thescaleofthesesheetsis1:1,000,000or

1cm:10km

QuartersheetsAmillionsheetisdividedinto16

equalparts.Eachpartofamillionsheetiscalledthequartersheet.Theextentof

eachquartersheetis1°oflatitudeand1°oflongitude.Thescaleofthesesheetsis

1:250,000or1cm:2.5km.

Quadrantsheets Aquartersheetisfurthersub-divided

into16equalparts.Eachpartofaquartersheetiscalledthequadrantsheet.The

extentofeachquadrantsheetis1/4°oflatitudeor1/4°oflongitude.Thescaleof

thesesheetsis1:50,000or2cm:1km.

Gridsystem. Mostofthemapshavea

networkoflatitudesandlongitudes.Thisnetworkiscalledagrid.Thegridisuseful

tolocateplacesonthemap.

Anarbitrarygridsystem

Onatoposheet,itisdifficulttocalculatetheexactlatitudeandlongitudeofaplace.

Tosolvethisproblem,asetofverticalandhorizontallinesaredrawninred.These

linesalsoformagridandanetworkofsquares.Thisiscalledthearbitrarygrid

system.

Features.

*Thesouth-westcornerorthebottom-leftcornerofatoposheetisalwaystakenas

thestartingpoint.

*Theverticalgridlines,drawnfromnorthtosouth,arecalledtheeastings.Theyare

socalledbecausetheylietowardstheeastofthesouth-westcorner.

*Thehorizontalgridlines,drawnfromeasttowestarecalledthenorthings.They

aresocalledbecausetheylietowardsthenorthofthesouth-westcorner.

*Theeastingsandthenorthingsintersecttoformanetworkofsquarescalledthe

arbitrarygridsystem.Eachsquareinthearbitrarygridsystemiscalledthegrid

square.

*Theeastingsandthenorthingsarealwaysdrawntwocentimetresapart.Thus,one

gridsquarerepresentsanareaofonesquarekilometreontheground.

*Thegridlinesarenumberedintwodigitssuchas00,01,02,....99.Thenumberingis

usefultolocateplacesandfeatures.

*Thevalueoftheeastingsandnorthingsincreaseeastwardsandnorthwardsfrom

thesouth-westcornerrespectively.

*Whilegivingthegridreferenceofaplace,theeastingsarealwaysquotedfirstand

thenthenorthings.

Filluptheblanks:-

1.___millionsheetsaredrawntocoverthewholeofIndia.

2.Amillionsheetisdividedinto__equalparts,calledthe__sheet.

3.Indiaandtheadjoiningcountriesaredividedinto__sheets.

4.Eachpartofaquartersheetiscalledthe__sheet.

5.Theverticalgridlinesarecalled__andthehorizontalgridlinesarecalled__.

Correctthestatements:-

1.Toposheetsshowthedetailsofaverylargearea

2.Asetofverticalandhorizontallinesaredrawninbluetoformthearbitrarygrid

system.

3.Thebottom-rightcornerofatoposheetisalwaystakenasthestartingpoint.

4.Thegridlinesdrawnfromnorthtosoutharecallednorthings.

5.Thevalueoftheeastingsandnorthingsdecreaseeastwardsandnorthwardsfrom

thesouth-westcornerrespectively.

Answerthequestions:-

1.Whataretoposheets?Whatdotheyshow?

2.Accordingtoscalethetoposheetscanbedividedintohowmanymaingroups?

Namethemandalsowritethescaleofeach.

3.Whatisgrid?Howisituseful?

4.Itisdifficulttocalculatetheexactlatitudeandlongitudeofaplaceonatopo

sheet.Whatisdonetosolvethisproblem?Whatisitcalled?

5.Whatisgridsquare?Howaregridlinesnumberedandhowisthenumbering

useful?

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COMPUTERAPPLICATION

Class-8

2020-2021

Assignment-1

Chapter-1OperatingSystem(OS)andGUIIntroduction-

Acomputerworksonlyontheinstructionswhicharegivenbytheuser.Allthose

instructions,whicharespecificallywrittenforperformingdefinitetaskarecalled

SoftwareorProgram.Someofthesoftwaremakesthehardwaretoworkonthe

instructionsprovided.Byusingdifferenttypesofsoftware,thesamesetof

hardwareofcomputerperformsdifferentfunctions.Forexampleacomputercan

write(usingkeyboard),print(usingprinter),save(usinganystoragemedium)or

candoanyothertaskatthesametimeaspertheinstructionsgivenbythe

software/program.

Softwarecanbebasicallyclassifiedintotwomajorcategories:-

i) SystemSoftware ii).ApplicationSoftware

SystemSoftware-SystemSoftwareisthesoftwarewhichisrequiredforthe

internalfunctioningofthecomputer.Allthedevices(likekeyboard,mouseetc)

whichareattachedwithcomputerarecheckedandmanagedbythissoftware.One

ofthemajorsystemsoftwareisOperatingSystem.

ApplicationSoftware–ApplicationSoftwareisthesoftware,whichisdesignedand

developedforperformingday-to-dayactivitiesdonebyacomputerliketyping,

presentationetc.someoftheexamplesareMSWord,PowerPointetc.

I. AnswerthefollowingQuestions:-

Q1-WhatisSoftware?

Q2-Namethetwocategoriesinwhichsoftwarearebasicallyclassified?

Q3-ExplainSystemSoftwareandApplicationSoftware.

Q4-NameoneofthemajorSystemSoftware.

Q5-GivetwoexamplesofApplicationSoftware.

II. Fillintheblanks:-

i. Acomputerworksonlyonthe__________whicharegivenbytheuser.

ii. Allthoseinstructionswhicharespecificallywrittenforperformingadefinite

taskarecalled________.

iii. Softwarecanbebasicallyclassifiedinto_____majorcategories.

iv. ___________softwareisrequiredforinternalfunctioningofthecomputer.

v. __________softwareisdesignedanddevelopedforperformingday-to-day

activitiesdonebyacomputer.

GENERALKNOWLEDGE

Class8

2020-2021

Assignment1 Identifythesefamousfreedomfightersandnamethem:

1. HeisaTibetiansymbolofnotonlytheirreligionbuttheirstruggleagainst

Chineseoccupation_____________

2. HeisanIndiannationalistleaderwhostruggledtoalienatepoverty,to

liberatewomenandtoputanendtocastdiscrimination__________.

3. HefoughtagainstapartheidinSouthAfricaandwaspresidentofthecountry

for5yearsin1990’s_________.

4. HewasaChiiricahuaApachechieffamousforhisstringofrevoltsagainst

Spanishoccupationheenduredformostofhislife___________.

Currentaffairs:

Basicprotectivemeasuresagainstthenewcoronavirus StayawareofthelatestinformationontheCOVID-19outbreak,availableon

theWHOwebsiteandthroughyournationalandlocalpublichealthauthority.

Mostpeoplewhobecomeinfectedexperiencemildillnessandrecover,butit

canbemoresevereforothers.Takecareofyourhealthandprotectothersby

doingthefollowing:

Washyourhandsfrequently Regularlyandthoroughlycleanyourhandswithanalcohol-basedhandrub

orwashthemwithsoapandwater.

Why?Washingyourhandswithsoapandwaterorusingalcohol-basedhandrubkillsvirusesthatmaybeonyourhands.

Maintainsocialdistancing Maintainatleast1metre(3feet)distancebetweenyourselfandanyonewho

iscoughingorsneezing.

Why?Whensomeonecoughsorsneezestheyspraysmallliquiddropletsfromtheirnoseormouthwhichmaycontainvirus.Ifyouaretooclose,you

canbreatheinthedroplets,includingtheCOVID-19virusiftheperson

coughinghasthedisease.

Avoidtouchingeyes,noseandmouth Why?Handstouchmanysurfacesandcanpickupviruses.Once

contaminated,handscantransferthevirustoyoureyes,noseormouth.From

there,theviruscanenteryourbodyandcanmakeyousick.

Practicerespiratoryhygiene Makesureyou,andthepeoplearoundyou,followgoodrespiratoryhygiene.

Thismeanscoveringyourmouthandnosewithyourbentelbowortissue

whenyoucoughorsneeze.Thendisposeoftheusedtissueimmediately.

Why?Dropletsspreadvirus.Byfollowinggoodrespiratoryhygieneyouprotectthepeoplearoundyoufromvirusessuchascold,fluandCOVID-19.

Ifyouhavefever,coughanddifficultybreathing,seekmedicalcareearly

Stayhomeifyoufeelunwell.Ifyouhaveafever,coughanddifficultybreathing,seekmedicalattentionandcallinadvance.Followthedirectionsof

yourlocalhealthauthority.

Why?Nationalandlocalauthoritieswillhavethemostuptodateinformationonthesituationinyourarea.Callinginadvancewillallowyour

healthcareprovidertoquicklydirectyoutotherighthealthfacility.Thiswill

alsoprotectyouandhelppreventspreadofvirusesandotherinfections.

Stayinformedandfollowadvicegivenbyyourhealthcareprovider StayinformedonthelatestdevelopmentsaboutCOVID-19.Followadvice

givenbyyourhealthcareprovider,yournationalandlocalpublichealth

authorityoryouremployeronhowtoprotectyourselfandothersfrom

COVID-19.

Why?NationalandlocalauthoritieswillhavethemostuptodateinformationonwhetherCOVID-19isspreadinginyourarea.Theyarebest

placedtoadviseonwhatpeopleinyourareashouldbedoingtoprotect

themselves.

1. Coronavirusoriginatedfromwhichcountry?

2. Whodeclared‘JantaCurfew’inIndiaandwhen?

3. Writefourmeasureswecantaketopreventcoronavirus.

4. Whatismeantbythetermsocialdistancing?

5. Whatdoyouunderstandby‘CompleteLockdown’?

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MORALSCIENCE

Class8

2020-2021

Assignment1

Chapter1:GodiswithusReadthestorycarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions:

OnedaySnehaaskedhergrandma,“howisitthatyouarealwayssohappy?You

havesomuchenergyandyouneverseemtobeinlowspirits.”

Withhereyessmiling,grandmasaid,“Iknowthesecret!”

“Whatsecretisthat?”askedSneha.

Towhichgrandmareplied,“I’lltellyouallaboutitbutyouhavetopromisethatyou

wouldsharethesecretwithothers.”

Grandmathendisclosedthesecret:

IhavelearntthereislittleIcandoinmylifethatwillmakemetrulyhappy.I

mustdependonGodtomakemehappyandmeetmyneeds.

Whenaneedarisesinmylife,,IhavetotrustGodtosupplyaccordingtohis

riches.IhavelearntmostofthetimeIdon’tneedhalfofwhatIthinkIdo.

Godhasneverletmedown.

SinceIlearntthat‘secret’,Iamhappyandfeelsecureandpositiveaboutlife.

Snehaatfirstthought,“that’stoosimple!”Butafterreflec1tingoverherownlifeshe

recalledhowshethoughtabiggerroomwouldmakeherhappybutitdidn’t!She

thoughtahikeinherpocketmoneywouldmakeherhappy,,butitdidn’t.

Sohowdidshefindhappinessinherlife?Spendingtimewithherfriends,,listening

tograndma’stalesbuyinggiftsforherparentsandthroughothersuchsmall

gestures.

Nowweknowthatsecrettoo!

Wecannotdependonpeopletomakeushappy.OnlyGodinhisinfinitewisdomcan

dothat,letuslearntotrusthim!

1. HowdoesGodtalktouswhenwefeeltheurgetodosomethingforsomeone?

2. Howdowefeelwhenweareunwellandbedriddenandwereceiveacallfrom

someone?

3. WritetwomomentswhenyoufeelthatGoddoesnotcareforyou.

4. Whatwasthesecretofgrandma’shappiness?

5. Whatisthemoralofthestory?

6. WriteashortprayertoaskforGod’shelpintimesoftrouble.

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HINDILANGUAGE

Class:VIII

2020-2021

Assignment–#1

Hkk"kk

funsZ'k & uhps fy[ks dk;Z dks /;ku iwoZd ifkrs gSa vkSj Nk= lqudj mudh ckr le>rs gSaA cPpk ekrk&firk ls cksydj vius eu ds Hkko çdV djrk gS vkSj os mldh ckr lqudj le>rs gSaA blh çdkj] Nk= Hkh v/;kid }kjk le>kbZ xbZ ckr dks fy[kdj çdV djrs gSa vkSj v/;kid mls irk gS] ekSf[kd Hkk"kk dgykrh gSA

nwljs 'kCnksa esa& ftl /ofu dk mPpkj.k djds ;k cksydj ge viuh ckr nqljks dks le>krs gS] mls ekSf[kd Hkk"kk dgrs gSA mnkgj.k& VsyhQksu] nwjn'kZu] Hkk"k.k] okrkZyki] ukVd] jsfM;ks vkfnA

2- fyf[kr Hkk"kk%& eqds'k Nk=kokl esa jgrk gSA mlus i= fy[kdj vius ekrk&firk dks

viuh dq'kyrk o vko';drkvksa dh tkudkjh nhA ekrk&firk us i= ikbZ vkSj le>h tkrh gS] rc og lkadsfrd Hkk"kk dgykrh gSA mnkgj.k& pkSjkgs ij [kM+k ;krk;kr fu;af=r djrk flikgh] ewd&cf/kj O;fä;ksa dk okrkZyki vkfnA

IV- Hkk"kk dk vk/kkj vkSj Lo#i

,d lgh ,oa lqO;ofLFkr Hkk"kk o.kksaZ ds lqO;ofLFkr esy ls cus 'kCn] 'kCnksa ds lgh esy ls cus okD; vkSj okD;ksa ds lgh esy ls curh gSA vr% lgh LFkku ij lVhd o.kksaZ] 'kCnksa ,oa okD;ksa dk ç;ksx dj viuh Hkko dks O;ä fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkk"kk dk Lo#i rhu çdkj ls fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS &

o.kZ

'kCn

okD; ****************************

HINDILITERATURE

Class8

2020–21

Assignment–1ek¡] dg ,d dgkuh ¼ Jh eSfFkyh 'kj.k xqIr ½

uhps fy[kh dfork dks if fy;k D;k rwus eq>dks viuh ukuh\^^ ^^dgrh gS eq>ls ;g psVh] rw esjh ukuh dh csVh dg ek¡ dg ysVh gh ysVh] jktk Fkk ;k jkuh\ ek¡ dg ,d dgkuhA^^ ^^rw gS gBh] eku/ku esjs] lqu miou esa cM+s losjs] rkr Hkze.k djrs Fks rsjs] tgk¡ lqjfHk euekuhA^^ ^^tgk¡ lqjfHk euekuh! gk¡ ek¡ ;gh dgkuhA^^ ^^o.kZ o.kZ ds Qwy f[kys Fks] >yey dj fgefcanq f>ys Fks] gyds >ksads fgys feys Fks] ygjkrk Fkk ikuhA^^ ^^ygjkrk Fkk ikuh] gk¡ gk¡ ;gh dgkuhA^^ ^^xkrs Fks [kx dy dy Loj ls] lglk ,d g¡l Åij ls] fxjk fc) gksdj [kj 'kj ls] gqbZ i{kh dh gkuhA^^ ^^gqbZ i{kh dh gkuh\ d#.kk Hkjh dgkuh!^^ ^^pkSad mUgksaus mls mBk;k] u;k tUe lk mlus ik;k] brus esa vk[ksVd vk;k] y{k flf) dk ekuhA^^ ^^y{k flf) dk ekuh! dksey dfBu dgkuhA^^ ^^ek¡xk mlus vkgr i{kh] rsjs rkr fdUrq Fks j{kh] rc mlus tks Fkk [kxHk{kh] gB djus dh BkuhA^^ ^^gB djus dh Bkuh! vc c

Åij fy[kh dfork ds vk/kkj ij iwNs x, ç'uksa ds mÙkj viuh mÙkj iqfLrdk esa fyf[k,& ¼d½% çLrqr dfork esa fdl /kekZRek iq#"k ds thou dh ppkZ gks jgh gS \ ¼[k½% dfork esa ek¡ fdls gBh dg jgh gS \ ¼x½% ?kk;y gal dks fdlus cpk;k \ ¼?k½% 'kkar miou esa lglk D;k ?kfVr gqvk \ ¼M½% dfork ds vk/kkj ij miou dh lqanjrk dk o.kZu dhft;s \ ¼p½% i'kq if{k;ksa dk f'kdkj djuk naMuh; vijk/k gS A vkids fopkj esa i'kq if{k;ksa ds f'kdkj djus dh vknr dks jksdus ds fy, D;k mik; djuk pkfg, \

'kCnkFkZ & 'kCn vFkZ 'kCn vFkZ psVh nklh i{k ia[k fc) ?kk;y mHk; nksuksa fookn >xM+k O;kid foLrr̀ gBh ftíh miou ckxhpk

i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k, vkSj ;kn dhft;s& ?kk;y vkgr] pksfVy firk rkr] tud rhj 'kj] ok.k dFkk dgkuh] xkFkk

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SANSKRIT

Class–8

2020–21

Assignment–1

ͪĤय छाğ एवं छाğाओ ंनवीन शै¢ͨणक सğ कȧ आप सभी को मंगल कामनाये।

पाठ – 1वÛदना

आप सभी इन दोनɉ æलोकɉ को Úयान पूव[क पढ़े तथा नीचे ͧलखे अथ[ को

समझकर याद करɅ। हमारȣ परàपरा है ͩक जब हम ͩकसी भी काय[ का शुभारंभ

करते हɇ, तो सव[Ĥथम ईæवर कȧ वÛदना करते है ताͩक मेरा Ĥ×येक काय[ सफल

हो।

(1) मूकं करोǓत वाचाल ंपÊडलंडॄÛयत ेͬगǐरम ्।

य×कृपा तमहं वÛदे परमानÛदमाधवम।्।

अथा[त ्िजसकȧ कृपा से गंूगा बोलने लगता है तथा लंगड़ा पव[त yk¡?k जाता है, eSa

उस परम आनंद देने वाले माधव (ईæवर) कȧ वÛदना करता हँू।

शÞदअथ[

मूकं गंूगा

पडगंु लंगड़ा

य×कृपा िजसकȧ कृपा से

ͬगǐरम ् पव[त

वÛदे वÛदना करता हँू।

(2) पæयेम शरदः शतम ्जीवेम शरदः शतम।्

Įणृुयाम शरदः शतम ्ĤĦवाम शरदः शतम।्

अदȣनाःèयाम शरदः शतम,् भूयæच शरद शतात।्।

अथा[त ्हम सब सौ शरद देखɅ हम सब सौ वषȾ तक सुने, हम सब सौ वषȾ तक

बोलɅ। हम सब सौवषɟ तक दȣन-हȣन न हो एवं सौ वषɟ तक èवèथ जीवन िजयɅ

और उससे अͬधक जीवन कȧ इÍछा करɅ।

शÞदअथ[

पæयेम देखे

शरदः जाड़ा

शतम ् सौ

जीवेम िजये

Įणृुयाम ् सुने

ĤĦवाम वोले

अदȣनाः दȣन-हȣन

(3) संèकृत मɅ एक से दस तक संÉयाये ͧलखकर याद करɅ ͪपछलȣ क¢ा मɅ

आपको बताया गया है।

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