Download - Eng102BC Analysis Summer
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Peer Review classical arguments
Analysis writing
Fallacy
Student presentations
Sentence Variety
Parallel Ideas
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Analysis Writing
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an argument in which you study the parts
of something to understand how it works,
what it means, or why it might be
significant
writer uses a principle or definition on the
basis of which an object, an event, or a
behavior can be divided into parts and
examined
many different analyses, but not all are
equally valid or useful
writer must convince the reader
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An analysis is a two-part argument
PART 1 states and establishes the writers
agreement with a certain principle or
definition
Principle X or definition X) is valuable.
PART 2 applies specific parts of the
principle or definition to the topic at hand
By applying principle or definition) X, we
can understand topic) as conclusion
based on analysis)
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Introduction
state a problem
provide motivation to write/read
introduce author whose work will provide
principles for analysis
provide background information
thesis statement
Body Paragraphs
analysis proceeds
Conclusion
summary and conclusion provided
larger point is made
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Introduction
Create a context for your analysis
introduce and summarize the object,
even, or behavior to be analyzed
Why is an analysis needed?
Why should readers read this
analysis?
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Introduction
Locate an Analytical Principle
summarize the key definition or principle
that forms the basis of the analysis
use 2 specific reading strategies to
identify principles and definitions in
source materials
Look for a sentence that makes a
general statement about the way
something works
Look for statements that take this form:
X can be defined as A, B, and C
in other words find the articles thesis
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Introduction
Formulate a thesis
Second part of argument
main idea of analytical paper
By applying principle or definition) X, we can
understand topic) as conclusion based on
analysis).
fill in 1st
blank with specific object, event, or
behavior you are examining
fill in 2
nd
blank with your conclusion about the
meaning or significance of this object, based on
insights you made during your analysis.
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Body
These statements will help to ANALYZE
TOOLS STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
What is the validity of this principle or
definition?
Are they accurate?
Are they well accepted?
Do you accept them?
What are the arguments used against them?
What are their limitations?
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Conclusion
summary of argument and conclusion
provided
larger point is made
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Dont only write a summary
most common error
to succeed, must apply a principle or
definition and reach a conclusion about the
object, event, or behavior being examined
summary is part of analysis
summarize object or activity being
examined
summarize principle or definition being
applied
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Make Analysis Systematic
once a principle or definition is presented, it
should be thoroughly and systematically
applied
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Answer the So What? Question
readers should say I never thought of _____
this way.
Have you learned anything significant through
the analysis?
Pull together your related insights and explain
how it all adds up.
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Attribute Sources Appropriately
work with only one source
apply insights from them to some object or
phenomenon you want to understand more
thoroughly
analysis derives mostly from YOUR application
of a principle or definition
take care to cite and quote as necessary
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Take this analytical principle and construct a
thesis statement
By applying principle or definition) X, one can
understand topic) as conclusion based on
analysis)
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Go to the following link and readthe first 4 paragraphs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Dream
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Dreamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Dreamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Dreamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Dream -
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Watch MLK Jr.s I Have a Dream
Speech
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3
vDWWy4CMhE
Write a thesis statement for an
analysis essay.
By applying principle or definition)
X, one can understand topic) as
conclusion based on analysis)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vDWWy4CMhEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vDWWy4CMhEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vDWWy4CMhEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vDWWy4CMhEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vDWWy4CMhE -
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By applying principle or
definition) X, one can understand
topic) as conclusion based on
analysis)
According to Martin Luther King,
Jr.s I Have a Dream speech the
American Dream includes and
centers around the ideal of equality
for all to include
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By applying principle or definition) X, one can
understand topic) as conclusion based on
analysis)
View each video clip.
Write a thesis for each in relation to the
American Dream.
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By applying principle or definition) X, one can
understand topic) as conclusion based on
analysis)
Cinderella Man
In
Cinderella Man
James Braddocks view of
the American Dream involves
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas
Hunter S. Thompsons definition of the
American Dream illustrates its decline from
working hard to getting rich quick as
evidenced by his two trips to Las Vegas and
drug use.
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Outline Student Threes essay
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utline of Student Threes essay
Thesis: By applying the principle of energy
independence, we can understand that the U.S.
and other countries of the world need to
accept the fact that energy interdependence is
not a fiction, but a reality, and that global
trading is the future.
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utline of Student Threes essay
II.Body
A. Until the U.S. accepts that the global
energy market is becoming more and more
interdependent, there will never be effective
discussion about the energy problems that
currently exist.
1. Countries like Saudi Arabia and
Iran, which export the highest amounts of
energy to other countries, continue to import
other energy products because they are not
independent of other countries.
2. Bryce paraphrase
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utline of Student Threes essay
II.Body
B. The farmers can grow tons of corn and
windmills and solar panels can be installed, but
they will never produce as much electricity as
fossil fuels or nuclear reactors.
1. Bryce quote
2. Americas energy needs are
simply too huge to be completely satisfied by
alternative energy sources.
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utline of Student Threes essay
II.Body
C. American ignorance
1. Far from the truth
2. Our politicians and business
people need to find ways of maintaining the
rapport with energy producing countries of the
Arab and Islamic world.
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Appendix Fallacies
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Argument to the people stirring symbols)
Appeal to ignorance
Bandwagon
Appeal to pity
Red herring
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Appeal to false authority
Ad hominem
Poisoning the well
Straw man
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Hasty generalization
Part for the whole
Post hoc
Circular reasoning/begging the question
False Dilemma
Slippery Slope
False analogy
Non sequitur
Loaded Label/Definition
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Based on the fear that once we put a foot on
a slick mountainside, we are doomed to slide
right out of sight
Once we allow medical use of marijuana,
well eventually legalize it for everyone and
then cocaine and heroin will gain social
acceptance.
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Throwing an audience off-track by raising an
unrelated or irrelevant point
Debating a gas tax increase is valuable, but I
really think there should be an extra tax on
SUVs.
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Means it does not follow
Any claim that doesnt follow from its
premises or is supported by irrelevant
premises
I should not receive a C in this course
because I currently have a 3.8 GPA
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Means after this therefore because of this
Occurs when a sequential relationship is
mistaken for a causal relationship
Cramming for a test really helps because last
week I crammed for my psychology test and I
got an A on it.
A might have been caused by something
other than cramming, must consider all
factors
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Appeals to popularity
Popularity of something is irrelevant to its
Living together before marriage is the right
thing to do because most couples are now
doing it.
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Means to the person
Argument directed at the character of an
opponent rather than at the quality of the
opponents reasoning
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Use famous people to testify on issues about
which these persons have no special
competence
Joe Quarterback says Gooey Oil keeps his old
tractor running sharp; therefore, Gooey Oil is
a good oil.
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Someone makes a broad generalization on
the basis of too little evidence
Evidence needed to support a generalization
must meet the STAR criteria sufficiency,
typicality, accuracy, and relevance
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXLTQi7v
VsI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXLTQi7vVsIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXLTQi7vVsIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXLTQi7vVsIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXLTQi7vVsI -
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Appeal to the fundamental beliefs, biases,
and prejudices of the audience
Sway opinion through a feeling of solidarity
among those of the group
Support Our Troops bumper sticker often
including American flag, creates an initial
feeling of solidarity among almost all citizens
of goodwill
Car owner may have deeper intention of
meaning support the war
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Persuades audience to accept as true a claim
that hasnt been proved false or vice versa
UFOs, ghosts, and the abominable snowman
do exist because science hasnt proved that
they dont exist.
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Arguer appeals to audiences sympathetic
feelings in order to support a claim that
should be decided on more relevant or
objective grounds
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MiZ8i_Ra4M
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MiZ8i_Ra4Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MiZ8i_Ra4Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MiZ8i_Ra4Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MiZ8i_Ra4M -
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Close to ad hominem
Arguers discredit an opponent or an
opposing view in advance
Before I yield the floor to the next speaker, I
must remind you that those who oppose my
plan do not have the best interests of
working people in their hearts.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5ywg4Zc2w4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5ywg4Zc2w4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5ywg4Zc2w4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5ywg4Zc2w4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5ywg4Zc2w4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5ywg4Zc2w4 -
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Occurs by oversimplifying an opponents
argument to make it easier to refute or
ridicule
Rather than summarize opposing view fairly
and completely, the arguer makes up the
argument they wish the opponent had made
because its easier to knock over
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=923UR_-pHsc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=923UR_-pHschttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=923UR_-pHschttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=923UR_-pHschttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=923UR_-pHschttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=923UR_-pHsc -
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Arguers pick out a part of the whole and then
claim that what is true of the part is true for
the whole
Arguer picks only the best examples to make
a case and conveniently forgets about
examples that weaken the case
http://vimeo.com/17359765
http://vimeo.com/17359765http://vimeo.com/17359765http://vimeo.com/17359765 -
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Provide a reason that simply restates the
claim in different words
That person is obese because he is too fat.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CVbku6nxhU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CVbku6nxhUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CVbku6nxhUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CVbku6nxhUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CVbku6nxhU -
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arguer oversimplifies a complex issue so that
only two choices appear possible
One of the choices is made to seem
unacceptable
Its my way or the highway.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dln3DJEc
ghY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dln3DJEcghYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dln3DJEcghYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dln3DJEcghYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dln3DJEcghY -
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Has to be some similarities between objects
being compared
Has to appeal to audiences logic
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8LydU2P7Yw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8LydU2P7Ywhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8LydU2P7Ywhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8LydU2P7Ywhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8LydU2P7Yw -
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WHICH FALLACY IS BEING COMMITTED?
Reread your classical argument. Identify and
explain the fallacies used in your argument.
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Classical argument final copy
Classical argument presentations begin