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3rd DIS Baltic Arbitration DaysDr. Marc D. Veit
Enforcement of Arbitral Awards and International Sanctions
Riga, 26 June 2014
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International trade sanctions
Enforcement of Arbitral Awards and International Sanctions
Increasing number of countries affected Sanctions are becoming more restrictive and extensive
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Example: Trade sanctions against Iran
Oil/gas Shipping equipment/st
eel
Financial transactions
Blacklist
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Enforcement of Arbitral Awards and International Sanctions
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Trade sanctions impact international arbitration at different stages
En-forcement
Illegality/Impossibility
Arbitrability
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Enforcement of Arbitral Awards and International Trade Sanctions
Inst
itutio
n?
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Arbitrability
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Sanctions impact international arbitration at different stages
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Illegality Impossibility
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Trade sanctions impact international arbitration at different stages
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Enforcement stage
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Sanctions impact international arbitration at different stages
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Switzerland: X Ltd. Vs. Z (21 January 2014)
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Enforcement of Arbitral Awards and International Sanctions
Sale and Purchase Contract (1977) for delivery of crude oil to Israel
X. Ltd (Switzerland) Z (Iran)
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USA: Ministry of Defense and Support for the Armed Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran vs. Cubic Defense Systems (9th Cir. 2011)
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Enforcement of Arbitral Awards and International Sanctions
Cubic Defense Systems (USA)
Ministry of War (Iran)
Contract on sale and service of air combat maneuvering range (1977)
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Sanctions as obstacles to enforcement Complete prohibition of coal-export: COSID v. Steel
Authority of India, AIR 1986 Del. 8 (22) (Delhi High Court, India)
Public policy exception?
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Enforcement of Arbitral Awards and International Sanctions
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Institutions?
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Sanctions impact international arbitration at different stages
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Lessons learnt Disputes involving international sanctions are
arbitrable International trade sanctions generally do not belong
to transnational public policy Awards will be enforced in many jurisdictions, despite
international trade sanctions Even if award is enforced, actual payment may require
approval Difficult situation for institutions
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Enforcement of Arbitral Awards and International Sanctions