Download - Energy Savings Through Metering
Andy WatsonDirector – Sim Energy Ltd
In partnership with BMSi Ltd
Energy Savings Through Energy Savings Through MeteringMetering
Why meter?Why meter?
• “You cannot manage what you cannot measure”
• But you can reduce energy consumption without metering….!
• You cannot know how efficient plant:• Should be• Could be• Is
What benefit
M&TDevelopment &
Interaction
Returns
Devolvement
Install
Raw data & quick wins
Benchmarking & exception reports
Driving factor and CUSUM analysis
Model study…
• A most unusual building…
Phase 1 - What would you normally get…
Quarterly useage Quarterly cost
Summary Electricity Gas Electricity Gas
Spring 96,041 37,230 £ 9,604 £ 1,117
Summer 166,431 14,673 £ 16,643 £ 440
Autumn 104,636 26,864 £ 10,464 £ 806
Winter 103,888 96,360 £ 10,389 £ 2,891
Total 470,996 175,127 £ 47,099.60 £5,253.81
Phase 2 – AMR and 24hr profiles
Electricity - Spring
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
00:0
001
:00
02:0
003
:00
04:0
005
:00
06:0
007
:00
08:0
009
:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
Electricity - Summer
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
00:0
001
:00
02:0
003
:00
04:0
005
:00
06:0
007
:00
08:0
009
:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
kW
Electricity - Autumn
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
00:0
001
:00
02:0
003
:00
04:0
005
:00
06:0
007
:00
08:0
009
:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
kW
Electricity - Winter
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
00:0
001
:00
02:0
003
:00
04:0
005
:00
06:0
007
:00
08:0
009
:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
kW
Gas - Spring
0
10
20
30
40
50
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
kW
Gas - Summer
05
101520253035404550
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
kW
Gas - Autumn
05
101520253035404550
00:0
0
01:0
0
02:0
0
03:0
0
04:0
0
05:0
0
06:0
0
07:0
0
08:0
0
09:0
0
10:0
0
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
0
18:0
0
19:0
0
20:0
0
21:0
0
22:0
0
23:0
0
kW
Gas - Winter
05
101520253035404550
00:0
0
01:0
0
02:0
0
03:0
0
04:0
0
05:0
0
06:0
0
07:0
0
08:0
0
09:0
0
10:0
0
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
0
18:0
0
19:0
0
20:0
0
21:0
0
22:0
0
23:0
0
kW
Phase 3 – Energy Management Strategy
• Improve granularity of data – install more meters
• Group into asset types:– HVAC– Lighting– Small power etc
• Analyse asset loads• Identify quick wins
Electricity - Spring
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
kW
Lifts
Small power
Lighting
AHU
Chiller
Electricity - Summer
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
kW
Lifts
Small power
Lighting
AHU
Chiller
Electricity - Autumn
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
kW
Lifts
Small power
Lighting
AHU
Chiller
Electricity - Winter
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
kW
Lifts
Small power
Lighting
AHU
Chiller
Quick wins…
• Chilling fighting the heating• Lighting and small power left on at
night• Building being conditioned at
night/weekends
10 – 20% improvement possible
Benchmarking and exceptions
• Feature of most energy databases• Requires historical or industry data to make
benchmarks• Dynamic benchmarking• DRIVING FACTORS:
– By nature of business• Property – energy/m2
• Manufacturing – energy/item made• Commercial – energy/turnover
– By nature of equipment• Air conditioning – energy/Degree day• Escalators – energy/m ascent
• leading to…
Cumulative Sum Analysis (CUSUM)
1. Establish a record 1. Establish a record of driving factor of driving factor against energy useagainst energy use
y = 22.568x + 61.55R2 = 0.96
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 5 10 15 20 25
Temp
En
erg
y
2. Plot a scatter graph 2. Plot a scatter graph and establish a trendand establish a trend
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Day
En
erg
y
0
5
10
15
20
25
Tem
p Prediction
Actual
Temp
3. Make predictions and record actual consumption
(60)
(40)
(20)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
4. Calculate the variation between predicted and actual consumption
(200)
(100)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Day
CU
SU
M e
ner
gy
5. Cumulatively sum the variations
Identify:• Stable performance• Optimum performance• Problems stabilising• Effects of energy efficiency on stable operation
Example – 3 storey common user office building – chiller energy
Stable operation Fault Fault stabilises Repair Energy efficiencyinstalled
Electricity - Spring
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
kW
Lifts
Small power
Lighting
AHU
Chiller
Electricity - Spring
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
kW
Lifts
Small power
Lighting
AHU
Chiller
Electricity - Summer
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
kW
Lifts
Small power
Lighting
AHU
Chiller
Electricity - Summer
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
kW
Lifts
Small power
Lighting
AHU
Chiller
Electricity - Autumn
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
kW
Lifts
Small power
Lighting
AHU
Chiller
Electricity - Autumn
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
kW
Lifts
Small power
Lighting
AHU
Chiller
Electricity - Winter
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
kW
Lifts
Small power
Lighting
AHU
Chiller
Electricity - Winter
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
kW
Lifts
Small power
Lighting
AHU
Chiller
Gas - Spring
0
10
20
30
40
50
kW
Gas - Summer
05
101520253035404550
kW
Gas - Autumn
05
101520253035404550
00:0
0
01:0
0
02:0
0
03:0
0
04:0
0
05:0
0
06:0
0
07:0
0
08:0
0
09:0
0
10:0
0
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
0
18:0
0
19:0
0
20:0
0
21:0
0
22:0
0
23:0
0
kW
Gas - Winter
05
101520253035404550
00:0
0
01:0
0
02:0
0
03:0
0
04:0
0
05:0
0
06:0
0
07:0
0
08:0
0
09:0
0
10:0
0
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
0
18:0
0
19:0
0
20:0
0
21:0
0
22:0
0
23:0
0
kW
Typical savings
30 – 60% by implementation of a full PI strategy including:
• metering• improved controls• behavioural change• devolved responsibility
40% saving in consumption through better control only!
£47,100
£5,254
£52,353
£28,982
£2,310
£31,292
£-
£10,000
£20,000
£30,000
£40,000
£50,000
£60,000
Electricity Gas Total
Typical
Improved
Further references
• Vilnis Vesma - http://vesma.com/
Good Practise examples
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
4500000
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
CONSUMPTION
Av Degree days
Terminal 4, Heathrow Airport
The benefits
Measured savings after programme (extrapolated to one year):– £136k per annum– 2.7 GWh– 108 CO2 tonnes
– 13% saving on T4 total power
Latest detailed HV reading:• March 2005
– 27% below average monthly consumption– 37% below March 2004 consumption– 17% below March 2003 consumption– Lowest monthly consumption in five years
Good Practise Examples
Heathrow Point Complex – 3 multi-use office buildings
HPW Annual kWh
0
50
100
150
200
250
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
Average WD
Average WE
HPN Annual kWH
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
Average WD
Average WE
HPTC Annual kWh
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
Average WD
Average WE
Building HPW HPN HPTC TotalAnnual cost 121,710£ 16,946£ 34,816£ 173,472£ Baseload % 40% 40% 38%
Eliminate:Weekend load 32,612£ 4,270£ 8,125£ 45,006£ Night load 29,920£ 4,073£ 4,073£ 38,065£
Total saving 83,071£ 48%
Improved annual cost 90,401£
Summary
• Smart metering solution SPB = 1-3 years
• Up to 60% improvement possible• Other requirements:
– Behaviours– Processes/Operations
• Work to get more out of the investment
Thank you for listening
