end

emic

tra

ns-

mis

sio

n c

ycle

sVEEV former

subtypes ID-IF, II-VI

VEEV subtypesIAB/IC

Selection through E2 T213R mutation in VEEV ID & IE

Promiscuous feeding Mosquitoes: Culex,Ochlerotatus, Aedes,Coquillettidia spp., etc.

Ochlerotatusmelanimon

Culiseta melanura

Psorophora,Ochlerotatus

taeniorhynchus

WEEVEEEV(North Amercia)

EEEV(South America)

Culex tarsalis

Culiseta melanura

epid

emic

tra

ns-

mis

sio

n (

cycl

es)

Culex spp.