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ENDEMIC BROODSTOCK DEVELOPMENT TUCANNON AND TOUCHET RIVERS
PROGRAM REVIEW
Joe BumgarnerWashington Department of Fish and Wildlife
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Background ESA listings of steelhead (Snake, Mid-Columbia)
Bi-Op concluded that LFH stock steelhead constituted “jeopardy” to wild populations
Bi-Op recommended new broodstock(s) be developed
Tucannon and Touchet - Target Populations Local, easy access, existing facilities
5-Year feasibility (12th year)
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WDFW Management Intent
Concept: Replacement of LFH stock in each river IF programs were successful
Tucannon (depressed, declining)
#1 : Conservation #2 : Harvest Mitigation
Touchet (depressed, stable)
#1 : Harvest Mitigation
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“Test Phase”Production Goals
LocationNumber of
SmoltsSAR
Survival
Tucannon 50,000 0.5%Touchet 50,000 0.5%
+ LFH Stock Production
**Fish were not Externally Marked = Conservation
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Management Objectives(Short Term)
Establish endemic broodstocks
Return adults and achieve SAR’s (= to LSRCP goals)
Remove the potentially depressing effect of a long-term out-of-basin hatchery stock on ESA listed populations
Program is compliant with ESA and WDFW Policies to protect and recover wild stocks
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Evaluation Focus
Performance in Hatchery
Adult Returns to Each River Increase our understanding of the status and trends of
natural origin steelhead in each river
Smolt-to-Adult Survivals
Life History and Genetics
Broodstock Collection
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Tucannon and Touchet River SteelheadPre-Program Stock Status
86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 980
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Tucannon FH Trap Touchet Spawning Index
Run Year
Num
ber o
f Fis
h
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Lower Tucannon RiverTemporary Adult Trap
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Adult Trap Issues
Fish able to easily pass both trapping sitesunder high spring time flow conditions
99 00 01 02 03 04 05 060
40
80
120
160
200Tucannon Wild Adults
Run Year
Num
ber o
f Fis
h
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Previous Hatchery Influence?
LFH Stock steelhead released in both Tucannon and Touchet Basins for 20 years
Spatial and Temporal overlap in spawning
Possible Genetic Introgression
Is This Worth the Effort??
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01Tu
cann
on
04Tu
cann
on
05Tucannon
99Touchet
00Touchet
01Touchet
02Touchet
03Touchet
04Touchet
05Touchet
99Ly
onsF
erry
05LyonsF
erry
02LyonsFerry
04LyonsFerry
98/99Lyons Ferry
02Tucannon
03Tucannon98/99 Tucannon
0.002
00Tucannon
98.566.0
Genetic Data(Chord-distance tree)
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5-Year Assessment Fish Were Available for Broodstock
Distinct Stocks (similar)
Adult Traps Inadequate for Evaluations Transition to PIT Tags for Adult Return Evaluation
Issues at Hatchery (Spawning and Rearing) Unripe/not enough Males, Multiple Eggtakes Poor Feeding, Size Goals not achieved, High CV’s, etc….
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12 Years Later Where Are We Today?
Tucannon: Implemented (2010)Interim Goal: 75K – 100% conservation
Long Term Goal: 150K 50K - conservation100K - harvest mitigation
Touchet: No Decision
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Remaining Presentation
Hatchery Produtuction
Natural Stock Monitoring
Adult Return Comparisons (wild-hatchery)
Program Summary
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Endemic Stock Steelhead Program Trap and Release Locations
Lyons Ferry Hatchery
Washington
Walla Walla River
Tucannon River
Columbia River
Touchet River
ICH
LMNLGO
LGR Idaho
Release Location
Traps/Rearing
LyonsFerry
Dayton Tucannon FH
Oregon
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Adult Traps
Dayton Trap
Tucannon FH Trap
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Release Strategies
Tucannon FH
Lyons Ferry Hatchery
Tucannon Touchet
8 Week Acclimation
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Tucannon and Touchet Steelhead Broodstock History
Source Years# of Females
Spawned Ne
Tucannon River 2000-2010 13-16 23-36Tucannon River 2011 - Present 18-19 36-41
** 23 (6%) F1’s have been used
Touchet River 2000 - Present 12-18 18-36
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Tucannon Stock (2009-2012)Run Timing and Broodstock Collection
1/24
1/29
2/3
2/8
2/13
2/18
2/23
2/28
3/5
3/10
3/15
3/20
3/25
3/30
4/4
4/9
4/14
4/19
4/24
4/29
5/4
5/9
5/14
5/19
5/24
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%TotalKeptTotal %Kept %
Date
Num
ber o
f Fis
h Cumulative
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Touchet Stock (2000-2012)Run Timing and Broodstock Collection
1/29
2/3
2/8
2/13
2/18
2/23
2/28
3/5
3/10
3/15
3/20
3/25
3/30
4/4
4/9
4/14
4/19
4/24
4/29
5/4
5/9
5/14
5/19
5/24
5/29
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%TotalKeptKept%Total%
Date
Num
ber o
f Fis
h Cumulative
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Broodstock Disposition
86%
11%1%
2%
86%
7%
2%5%
Tucannon Touchet
Spawned Pre-Spawn Mortality Not Used Returned to River
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Egg to Release Survival
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 110%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Green Egg to Smolt Eyed Egg to Smolt
Brood Year
Surv
ival
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 110%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Green Egg to Smolt Eyed Egg to Smolt
Brood Year
Surv
ival
TouchetTucannon
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Disease/Pathology
00010203040506070809101112 000102030405060708091011120%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Brood Year
Dete
ction
of I
HNV
(% o
f Fem
ales
)
Tucannon Touchet
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Marking and Tagging
No Fin Clips
CWT and/or VIE (Generally 100% of Release)
PIT Tagged (2003+) N Purpose Tucannon 5,000-15,000 Adult Returns/Straying Touchet 5,000-10,000 Adult Returns/Straying
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Tucannon Endemic Stock Releases
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 120
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
Smolt Fingerling Fry Smolt Goal
Release Year
Num
ber o
f Fis
h
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Touchet Endemic Stock Releases
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 120
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
Smolt Fry 2-Year Smolt Goal
Release Year
Num
ber o
f Fis
h
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Smolt Release Size
2001 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20122
3
4
5
6
7
Tucannon Touchet Size Goal
Release Year
Fish
/Lb
Release Size Goal = 4.5 Fish/Lb
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Natural Stock Monitoring
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Tucannon River PIT TaggingMY PIT Tags
1998 4651999 3642000 5632001 3332002 1,5062003 1,5562004 1,9842005 1,8352006 1,4172007 3002008 1,0872009 1,2002010 2,632
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Smolt Traps and PIT Arrays
Oregon
Walla Walla River
Tucannon River
Columbia River
Touchet River
ICH
LMNLGO
LGR Idaho
PIT Arrays
Smolt Traps
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Natural Origin SteelheadTotal Age Composition
Touchet
Age 3Age 4Age 5Age 6Age 7
Tucannon
Age 3Age 4Age 5Age 6Age 7
5% Repeat Spawners1% Repeat Spawners
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Endemic and Natural Stock Adult Returns Tucannon River
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Tucannon and Lyons Ferry StockRun Timing at Ice Harbor Dam
15-Jun 15-Jul 15-Aug 15-Sep 15-Oct 15-Nov0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Natural Stock Lyons Ferry Stock Endemic Stock
Cum
ulati
ve
Date
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Tucannon and Lyons Ferry StockRun Timing into Tucannon River
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
LFH Stock Endemic Stock Natural Stock
Cum
ulati
ve
Month
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Tucannon River Releases – Survival by StockPIT Tag Detections to Ice Harbor (SAR)
02 03 04 05 06 07 08 090%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
Natural SARLFH SAREndemic SARSAR Goal
Migration Year
Surv
ival
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Tucannon River Straying
Stock(Migration Years)
Number ofPITs Detected
at IHR Dam
Enter Tucannon
RiverRemain above
LGR DamUnknown Location
LFH – Tucannon River Release
(06-10)790 23% 55% 22%
Tucannon River Endemic
(04-10)752 29% 55% 16%
Tucannon River Natural(04-10)
165 29% 53% 18%
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Tucannon River Basin Escapement50% of PIT Tags Past Ice Harbor
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 110
200
400
600
800
1000
Natural Endemic
Run Year
Num
ber o
f Fis
h
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Tucannon River - Net Gain
319Removed from
River for Broodstock(2000-2009)
Back to TucannnonRiver to Spawn
1,9506.1 R/S
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Tucannon River Basin Escapement50% of PIT Tags Past Ice Harbor
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 110
200
400
600
800
1000
Natural Endemic
Run Year
Num
ber o
f Fis
h
FMEP Fishery Guideline = 285Minimum Abundance Threshold
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Tucannon Population Streams
WashingtonOregon
Walla Walla River
Tucannon River
Asotin Cr.
Clearwater River
Columbia River
Touchet River
ICH
LMNLGO
LGR
IdahoAlmota
Penewawa
Deadman
Alkali Flat LyonsFerry
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What is the Tucannon Population?
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 110
200
400
600
800
1000
Natural Endemic
Run Year
Num
ber o
f Fis
h
FMEP Fishery Guideline = 285Minimum Abundance Threshold
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We’ve seen Tucannon River steelhead straying “OUT”
What about other steelhead populations straying “IN”?
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PIT Steelhead Detected in Tucannon RiverSpring Entries Only (Feb-May)
Salmon Up Columbia Grande RondeClearwater
Hatchery Origin
Tucannon RiverReleases
(LFH + Endemic)
Salmon Up Columbia Imnaha Asotin
Wild Origin
TucannonRiver Origin
ColumbiaRiver TribsWalla WallaJohn DayDeschutes15 Mile CrUmatilla
OtherLyonsFerryStock
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Endemic and Natural Stock Adult Returns Touchet River
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Touchet and Lyons Ferry StockRun Timing at McNary Dam
01-Jun 01-Jul 01-Aug 01-Sep 01-Oct 01-Nov0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Natural Stock Lyons Ferry Stock Endemic Stock
Cum
ulati
ve
Date
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Touchet River Releases – Survival by StockPIT Tag Detections to McNary (SAR)
04 05 06 07 08 09
-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
Natural SARLFH SAREndemic SARSAR Goal
Migration Year
Surv
ival
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Touchet River Strays
Stock(Migration years)
Number of PITs Detected at
McNary DamPass Above
IHR DamEnter Walla Walla River
Unknown Location
LFH – TouchetRiver Release
(08-10)286 84% 12% 4%
Touchet River Endemic
(08-10)145 50% 36% 14%
Touchet River Natural(08-10)
47 34% 28% 38%
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Touchet River Summer SteelheadSpawning Ground Survey Index Area
86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 100
100200300400500600700800900
Natural Lyons Ferry Touchet
Run Year
Num
ber o
f Fis
h
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Touchet River - Net Gain
299Removed from
River for Broodstock(2000-2008)
Back to TouchetRiver to Spawn
6792.3 R/S
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Touchet River Summer SteelheadRecruits/Spawner – Index Area Only
87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 060
1
2
3
Brood Year
Recr
uits
/Spa
wne
r Geometric mean = 0.9
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Tucannon River Summary
Implemented Tucannon Program in 2010 (Bi-Op RPA) Elimination of LFH stock
Smolt Production ↑ to 75,000 150,000 Goal (50K – Conservation, 100K – Harvest Mitigation) Additional Facilities at LFH Required
BPA Funding for ↑ monitoring (Bi-Op RPA) ↑ PIT’s and PIT Arrays to better estimate adult returns and
distribution for natural and endemic stock in Tucannon River
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Tucannon River Summary (cont)
SAR’s and Adult Returns to LSRCP project area are meeting goals, but not to Tucannon River
Straying (“OUT” and “IN”) Hydro-system/natural behavior/environmental?
Population Definition and Abundance? Future Fishery Plans within Tucannon River at Risk?
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Touchet River Summary Program has remained Status Quo
Poor SAR’s and Adult Returns 2-year smolt program Acclimation?
Based on performance to date – LFH stock replacement is not an option (WDFW)
Conservation Program?? Identified in Bi-Op
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Questions
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Tucannon RiverSmolt Length Distribution (2000-2011)
130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 2500%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Age 1 Age 2 Age 3
Fork Length (mm)
Freq
uenc
y
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Adult Returns to Tucannon FH
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 110
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Natural Lyons Ferry Tucannon
Run Year
Num
ber o
f Fis
h
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Touchet RiverAdult Returns to Dayton Trap
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 110
200
400
600
800
1,000
Natural Lyons Ferry Touchet
Run Year
Num
ber o
f Fis
h
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Tucannon and Touchet StocksParent:Progeny Ratios
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20090
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Tucannon Touchet
Brood Year
Pare
nt:P
roge
ny R
atio
Tucannon Avg = 40Touchet Avg = 10
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Tucannon Natural Smolts
96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 110
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
Migration Year
Num
ber o
f Sm
olts