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EmNet: Satisfying The Individual User
Through Empathic Home Networks
J. Scott Miller, John R. Lange & Peter A. DindaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Northwestern University
Prescience Labhttp://presciencelab.org
http://empathicsystems.org
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Summary• User satisfaction in home broadband
environments varies dramatically across users– There is no canonical user– Demonstrated with user study
• EmNet: use per-user feedback to schedule external link– User satisfaction increases by 20%
• First network scheduling policy to use per-user satisfaction
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Outline
• User satisfaction in home networks– User study with controlled conditions
• EmNet: Design and implementation– Targets home network routers
• Evaluation– User study with controlled conditions
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Per-User Variation
• Traditional optimizations focus on a canonical user– Abstract definition for the average user
• Real users have large variability– Different performance demands to achieve
satisfaction
• Optimizing for a single user is non-optimal– Leads to both over and under provisioning
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User study
• Variance in typical home network users– Measured satisfaction with network performance– Emulated home network environment
• 20 study participants – Taken from University population
• 3 web applications– Wikipedia, Image labeler, streaming video
• 16 cross traffic scenarios– Both upload and download
• Collected per scenario satisfaction ratings– Satisfaction measured on 10 point scale
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Study Testbed
InternetInternet
Cross Traffic Client Cross Traffic Server
Network Bridge(Home Router)
Test Subject
Web Proxy
Emulated Broadband
Link
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Interface
• Measurements collected via web interface– Overlaid onto web pages viewed by users
• Router injected code in every web page viewed
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Study Results(Streaming Video)
Large Per-User variation in satisfactionAverage satisfaction varies between cross traffic scenarios
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Implications
• There is no canonical user– Users have different performance
expectations
• Per-user satisfaction can be collected in real-time
• Optimal network scheduling requires knowledge of user satisfaction
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EmNet
• Designed to be embedded in home network routers– Optimizes home networks based on user satisfaction
• Components– User Interface (Satisfaction sensor)– Proxy server and Interface injector– Policy Controller– Network Controller
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Proxy Server and User Interface
• Injects JavaScript interface onto web pages
• Monitors and tracks network traffic– Associates connections with user input signals– FlowSets
• Real time measurements of user satisfaction– Corresponding to a given group of connections– Drives bandwidth allocation decisions
On screen slider
Real time satisfaction measurements
Used as input to policy controller
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Policy Controller
• Optimizes bandwidth allocation between network flows– Maximizes user satisfaction– Minimizes over-provisioning
• Output – percentage of bandwidth allocated per FlowSet
• Input– User satisfaction measurements– Connections associated with each measurement
• Prevents link monopolization– Guaranteed minimum static allocation– Allocates bandwidth between FlowSets and background traffic– Cost function
User1
BackGround
User2
BackGround
Static BW Dynamic BW
User1
User2
BackGround
User Back Ground
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Satisfaction Rating Value
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Network Controller
• Manages network connection performance– Assigns actual bandwidth FlowSets
• Weighted Fair Queuing approach– Weights are set to ensure proportional
allocation under load
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System Architecture
User drives queuing decisions
• Designed for home network routers
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Evaluation
• EmNet prototype implementation– Installed in network testbed
• Network controller in network bridge– FreeBSD and DummyNET
• Simplistic cost function– Users effectively pay for data (~$10)
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User Study
• Separate from initial variability study– 18 participants from university population
• Same 3 applications– Wikipedia, Image Labeler, Streaming Video
• Subset of initial cross traffic scenarios– Most significantly affecting satisfaction
• User interface was injected onto every page– Collected results with and without control active
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Evaluation Testbed
InternetInternet
Cross Traffic Client Cross Traffic Server
Network Bridge(Home Router)
Test Subject
Web Proxy
SatisfactionMeasurements Network
Controller
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Results
Image Labeler Video Streaming
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General Results
• EmNet increases user satisfaction with a nominal increase in bandwidth usage– 20% more satisfied than without network control– 12% more satisfied than static WFQ – 6% more bandwidth than static WFQ
• Experimental cost function ineffective– Users rarely decreased the slider to lower incurred
cost– Cost function had no real world value
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• Additional information in Northwestern Technical Report
• Prescience Lab– http://plab.cs.northwestern.edu
• Empathic Systems– http://empathicsystems.org/
• John Lange– http://www.artifex.org/~jarusl