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Emergency communications for European citizens
Olivier PAUL-MORANDINIFounder – President
Euroepan Emergency Number Association - EENA
From Road Accidents to Disasters
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• Introduction
• Citizens calling emergency services
• Communication between emergency services
• Warning and alerting Citizens
• Conclusions
Contents
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Introduction
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• Europeans travel for leisure and business– 100 million Europeans cross the intra EU
borders every year
• 65% feel less protected when abroad– ignore risks and language– think that emergency services are less well
organised,– …
Two words about Europeans
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Road accidents
With dangerous goods
With trapped victims
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Citizens112
Authorities
Sirens, Radio, TV,
GSMs
Special NetworksSpecial Networks
Emergency services
Emergency telecommunications
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Citizens calling emergency services
Single European Emergency call number 112
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• Knowledge of the 112– Campaigns, One number
• Possibility to launch a call– Network availability, Disabled users
• The call is answered– Call center organisation, Multilingualism
• The call is handled– Τraining of operators, Standards
• Help is on its way– Available ressources, Caller localisation
• Help arrives– Minimal response time standard
• Caller is taken care of– Quality criteria and standards
112 service chain
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• Universal Service Directive 2002/22 (art. 6, 7, 26)
– Directive 2002/58 – Privacy (art. 9, 10)
• Availability in parallel with national numbers
• Free of charge
• Calls appropriately answered and handled
• Localisation data (in transparent way)
• Adequate information about existence and use
112 legal obligations
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• Knowledge – 35% Europe, 7% Greece !• Existence of 112 – handling of calls
– 112 single national number (FIN, SW, DK, NL, LUX, PT, ES, IS,)
– One single national number ≠ 1-1-2 (UK, IRL) – Several numbers (all the others)
• Of which 112 – DE (Fire-fighters), IT (Police), NO (Police)
• Appropriate answering (multilingualism)– Several dozens of languages … – … or only one language
112 implementation - 1
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• Localisation– Calls from fixed phones – ± ok– Call from mobiles – several countries have
implemented, 11 infringements
• Network access– Problems in some countries when bill not
payed– Access for people with disabilities– Geographic coverage
112 implementation - 2
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• EENA petitioned the European Parliament
• European Commission more active– Conference in October 2005 - 112 is a priority – Eurobarometer– 11 infringements, eCall …
• ETSI EMTEL Working Group …
• Hillary Clinton – ENHANCE 911 act (2004)
112 - Current situation
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Communication between emergency services
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• Analog vs. Digital• Spectrum bands
– Narrowband, wideband, broadband– Citizens’ Band
• Technologies– TETRA, TERTAPOL (380-395 MHz) – GSM/BOSS (900, 1800 MHz) - Vodaphone DE– Wi-Fi (2,4 – 5 GHz) - Several Projects
• Terrestrial vs. Satellite systems
Overview
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• MESA (ETSI and TIA)• U-2010 project (Ubiquitous IP-centric Government &
Enterprise NGN Vision 2010)• ORCHESTRA (Open Architecture and Spatial Data
Infrastructure for Risk Management)• WIDENS (Wireless Deployable Network System)
• WIN (Wide Information Network)• DeHiGate (Deployable High Capacity Gateway for Emergency
Services)
Interesting on-going projects
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• Lesson learnt from 11/9 and 7/7– Communications within and between the
emergency services did not stand up on 7 July …(London Assembly report on 7/7/2005
attacks)
• European Security Research Programme
• Common Emergency Communication and Information System (CECIS)– Community Mechanism for Civil Protection
Interoperability
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Warning and alerting citizens
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• Traffic contol and road accidents
• Approaching chemical or nuclear cloud
• Threat of terrorist attacks
• Upcoming extreme weather conditions
• Tsunamis
• …
Urgent needs
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• RDS (Radio Data System)
• Interconnected radio and TV stations
• Mobile telephones
• Sirens (audible signals)
• Bells
But no general, global solution in the EU !
Available technologies
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• Safety and health signs at work (Directive 92/58/EEC)– Continuous acoustic signal for evacuation– Regular checks
• Seveso installations (Directive 96/82/EC)– Organisation of alert and intervention – Early warning, alert and information of the public
• Radiological Emergencies (Directive 89/618/Euratom)– Alert and information of the public– Aplies to transport
• Authorisation Directive (2002/20/EC)– Use of networks during disasters for broadcasts to the public
• Transport of dangerous goods– Safety in tunnels
Legal obligations
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• Extremelly fragmented • Group SMSs (ETSI mandate)• CHORIST project
– Alerts from heterogeneous sensors / multiple agencies to citizens
• Some work at UN level– Conferences on Early Warning Systems for the
Reduction of Natural Disasters and reports
• Legal obligation for warning & alert in upgrading of Civil Protection Mechanism
Current situation
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Conclusions
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• US - Proposed «Federal Interoperable Communications and Safety (FICS) Act» (Hillary Clinton, May 25, 2006).– Undersecretary for Emergency Communications and Office of
Emergency Communications– National Emergency Communications Strategy– State-wide Interoperable Communications Plans– National assessment of the nation’s interoperability capabilities– Emergency Preparedness Centre– National Alert System
• EU - European Public Safety Communication (EPSC) Forum (relatively small project)
Europe behind the US
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• The response demonstrated a lack of consideration of the individuals …
• Procedures … focus too much on incidents, rather than on individuals and on processes rather than people. …
• Plans tend to cater for the needs of the emergency … services, rather than explicitly addressing the needs and priorities of the people involved.
– (London Assembly report on 7/7/2005 attacks)
Towards a more Citizen-centered approach ?
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• Knowledge of the 112 is a fundamental citizens’ right
• Citizens calling the 112 should get the appropriate help, as soon as possible, at the place of the emergency
• Citizens are entitled to the same high quality safety and security standards and should receive the same high quality aftercare in case of accident or disaster
• Citizens in a disaster prone area have the fundamental right to be warned and informed in order to ensure their auto-protection
EENA believes that …
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• Non-profit association established in Belgium.
• Works to promote the knowledge & efficient use of the 112, in Europe– by acting as a discussion platform bringing
together all the actors (organizations, emergency services, enterprises and individuals) involved
• Is also active in the field of early warning of citizens in disaster prone areas
What is the EENA
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Thank you !
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Contact the EENA
• Web: www.eena.org
• E-mail: [email protected]
• Post: EENAChaussée de Saint-Job, 622B-1180 BrusselsBELGIUM
• Fax: +32 (0)2 534-9789