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8/8/2019 Embedded Architecture

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Embedded System and Design


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Embedded system

A computer system that is a component of a larger machine orsystem.

Embedded systems can respond to events in real time.

System designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions or aspecific task

A system containing a processor where the processor is not

generally re-programmable by the end user.

A Computational System that is used for Non Computational

Task


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An embedded system is a special-purpose system in which the

computer is completely encapsulated by the device it controls.

Unlike a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer, an

embedded system performs , pre-defined tasks, usually with very

specific requirements.

Since the system is dedicated to a specific task, design engineers canoptimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product.

Embedded systems are often mass-produced ,so the cost savings may

be multiplied by millions of items.


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Embedded System Examples


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Block Diagram of Embedded System


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Characteristics of ECS

1. Complex Algorithms: Sophisticated and dedicated operations

2. User Interface: Multiple Menus and many options

3. Real Time: Missing deadline is not allowed

4. Multi rate: Many operations at a time (Some are slow and some

of them are at fast rate)

5. Cost: Manufacturing cost- Microprocessor used

Amount of Memory

Type of I/O

Power Cost- Battery life

Heat Dissipation


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Challenges in ECS

1. Hardware needed: Microprocessor Selection

Power and Hardware relation

Memory (Foot print / Swap)I/O Peripherals

2. To meet Deadlines:Speed up hardware so that program

runs faster

System more expensive

CPU clock3. Minimize Power Consumption:Heat Dissipation

Slow switching devices

4. Design for Upgrade ability:Versions of the product

Hardware or software changes

5. Reliability: System should work properly

Safety for critical systems

Complex testing

Limited controllability

Restricted development environment


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Design Process

Requirements

Specification

Architecture

Components

System Integrity


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Requirements

1. Performance: Usability of the system

Optimization

2. Cost: Manufacturing cost

Components, Assembly

Non Recurring Engineering Cost

Personal, other cost of design

3. Physical: Size, shape and weight

4. Power: Battery life (consumption)

Heat dissipation


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Specification

1. Ambassador between Customer and Architects

2. Customer requirements should be carefully drafted

3. It should be accurately reflected for i/p to architects4. It decides What system does?

5. Use of UML design recommended


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Architecture

1. It decides How system does it?

2. It plans overall structure

3. It gives I/p to design components

4. Use of Block diagram is recommended

5. It shows implementation details

6. It tells about both hardware as well as software


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Components

1. It includes Hardware and software

2. Actual implementation of Architecture

3. Use of readymade components or customer specific

components4. Considering Power, memory and Microprocessor design


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System integration

1. Putting components all together

2. Just plugging everything together

3. Resolves bugs and fixing the bugs (Testing)

4. Give ready to use product for implementation


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Formalism for ESD

1. Conceptualize different task in diagram

2. Use of Unified Modeling Language (UML)

3. Maintain levels of abstraction

4. Encourages the design to described as number of interacting

objects

5. Objects will correspond to real pieces of software or hardware

in system

6. It uses Description: Structural Description

Behavioral Description


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Structural Description

1. Includes basic components

2. Classes, attributes and functions

3. Relationships / links: Association, Aggregation, composition,

generalization

4. It includes Interface

5. It implements all above points

Behavioral Description

1. It implements with state machine

2. It triggers by occurrence of event

3. It Uses Sequence diagram

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