Download - Elements of Fiction
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CHARACTERSThe actors in a story’s plotPeople, animals, robots, or whatever the writer
choosesMay be more than one main character,
particularly in a book. Protagonist – main character(s) who has the
conflictAntagonist – person(s) or force(s) in conflict with
the main characterDoesn’t have to be the bad guyDoesn’t have to be a person
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Types of Characters1. Flat character – little history is given; has
only one or two personality traits * Stock Characters- A type of flat character.
The type of character that appears so often in fiction the reader recognizes them right
away.
2.Round character – fully developed with many different character traits3.Dynamic character – changes during the
course of the story (learns something)4.Static character – does not change (doesn’t learn anything)
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Direct Characterization Direct characterization is when the author
TELLS the audience what the personality of the character is.
Example: “The patient boy and quiet girl were both at the game.”
The author is telling us that the boy is patient and the girl is kind.
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Indirect Characterization Indirect characterization is when the author
SHOWS things that reveal the personality of the character.
There are FIVE different methods of indirect characterization: speech, thoughts, effect on other characters, actions, and looks. (STEAL)
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SpeechSpeech- What does the character say? How
does the character speak?
Example: “Hey, we can have lots of fun at camp this summer! I love being outside!”
This shows us the character is upbeat and
happy.
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ThoughtsThoughts- What is revealed through the
character’s thoughts and feelings?
Example: I wish it would stop raining. I am tired of sitting inside!
This shows us the character is not happy about the situation.
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Effect on OthersEffect on Others- What is revealed through the
character’s effect on other people? How do other characters feel or behave in reaction to the character?
Example: The boy glared at his sister as she ate his dessert.
This shows us that the character is upset about his sister’s behavior and inability to think of others.
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ActionsActions- What does the character do? How
does the character behave?
Example: The girl rode the lawn mower through the house and into the garage.
This shows us the girl is not concerned with rules or safety.
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LooksLooks- What does the character look like? How
does the character dress?
Example: The little girl left the game with slumped shoulders and a frown on her face.
This shows us the little girl is not enjoying herself and is upset.
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SETTINGTime and place in which a story happensPhysical surroundings WeatherIdeasCustoms, Values, and Beliefs that are associated
with the broad setting Historical/Cultural
Integral- settings are key to a story, it affects the plot
Background- settings are simply a backdrop for the action
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PLOTSequence of events in a story – action that
moves the story along Exposition – introduces the story’s
characters, setting, and conflictRising action – develops the conflict with
complications and suspenseClimax – the emotional high point of the storyFalling action – shows what happens to the
characters after the climaxResolution – shows how the conflict is
resolved or how the problem is solvedLittle Red Riding Hood – What is the sequence
of events in Little Red Riding Hood’s story?
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CONFLICTThe element of the story which shows the
concerns of the central characters.Conflict is a struggle between opposing forcesExternal conflict: struggle between a
character and an outside force (another character, society, technology, nature, supernatural, or fate – sometimes supernatural and fate are considered the same/one)
Internal conflict: struggle within a character against opposing feelings or indecision
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Character vs. NatureThe protagonist in the story experiences conflict with the elements of nature.
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Character Vs. CharacterThe protagonist in the story experiences conflict with others, especially the antagonist.
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Character vs. SocietyThe protagonist in the story experiences conflict with society as a whole.
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Character Vs. Technology The protagonist in the story experiences conflict with technology.
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Character Vs. SupernaturalThe protagonist in the story experiences conflict with unnatural elements.
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Character Vs. FateWhen the
protagonist tries to break free of a predetermined path chosen before him prior to his knowledge. It can also be referred to as an issue between destiny and freewill.
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POINT OF VIEWWho is telling the story?Narrator’s standpoint or perspectiveFirst-person point of view: narrator is a
character in the story, uses I, me, we, usThird-person point of view: narrator describes
the story from outsideObjective – like a camera is recording the actionOmniscient – narrator knows thoughts and
feelings of every characterLimited – narrator knows thoughts and feelings of
only one characterLittle Red Riding Hood – What is the P.O.V.?
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Style- How the author writes, the techniques they use to write
Point of View (POV)- Who is telling the story, three different types
First Person- Told by someone IN the story, uses “I” and “me”
Third Person Limited- Told by a narrator, OUTSIDE the story, the narrator only knows thoughts of one character, uses the pronouns “he”, “she”, and “they”
Third Person Omniscient- Told by a narrator OUTSIDE the story, the narrator knows what all characters are thinking, narrator is all knowing (om=all), uses the pronouns “he”, “she”, or “they”
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THEMECentral message of the storyUniversal – applies to everyone, everywhere,
at every timeSometimes the theme is stated directlySometimes the theme is implied (not “right
there”, more of an “on your own”)Little Red Riding Hood – What is the theme?