Electronic Warfare
Electronic Warfare
EW IntroEW Intro
EW is a component of Command & Control Warfare (C2W)
C2W: Military strategy which implements Information Warfare (IW).
C2W includes integrated use of OPSEC, military deception, PSYOPS, EW, and physical destruction.
Three Components of EWThree Components of EW
� Electronic Support (ES) *ESM
� Electronic Attack (EA) *ECM� Electronic Protection (EP)
*ECCM
Increasing Importance of EW:Increasing Importance of EW: Increased reliance on radar OTH targeting Increased use of Communications Tactical Data Systems (TDS) Increased speed of missiles and
weapons systems High-speed detection and tracking Active-homing or passive-homing long-
range missiles give little warning
Electronic Support (ES)Electronic Support (ES) Surveillance of EM spectrum
Immediate threat recognition Threat avoidance Homing and targeting.
Passive EW Electronic Intelligence (ELINT): Info derived
from foreign non-communications EM information, particularly radar.
Communications Intelligence (COMINT): Info derived from foreign communications.
ES Subdivisions:ES Subdivisions:
Threat Warning and Avoidance
Direction Finding Target Homing and Tracking
ES Receiver Design RequirementsES Receiver Design Requirements
Wide spectrum surveillance Wide dynamic range Unwanted signal rejection Angle-of-Arrival measurement Signal Analysis capability Display Recording System
Signal Collection Process Signal Warning
Alerts to presence of a signal Signal Sorting
Uses frequency to sort out signals of immediate interest/action required
Signal AnalysisDetermines specific capabilities for
immediate and future actions
Electronic Attack (EA)Electronic Attack (EA)
Use of EM or directed energy to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment.
Active and Passive EW
Non-Destructive EANon-Destructive EA
« Confusion: Mask or hide real targets by cluttering the radar display.« Jamming
« Noise Jamming« Spot Jamming« Barrage Jamming« Sweep Jamming
« Chaff« Infrared flares (Torch)
Spot, Barrage, and Sweep JammingSpot, Barrage, and Sweep Jamming
Freq
Ampl Time
Sweep
Barrage
Spot
Spot and Barrage JammingSpot and Barrage Jamming
Power
Frequency
Rcvr BW
Spot Jamming
Barrage Jamming
Rcvd Signal Amp.
time
Ineffective Jamming
Effective Jamming
PW
PRT
Non-Destructive EA (cont.)Non-Destructive EA (cont.)
Deception: Create a false image or change the image on the enemy’s radar display. Repeaters: Create false echo by delaying rcvd
radar signals & retransmitting at later time. Transponders: Create false signal by playing
back a stored replica of the radar signal. Chaff Radar Decoys Blip Enhancers Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Modification
EA-6B Prowler
Destructive EADestructive EA
Anti-Radiation Missiles SLAM HARM Sidewinder
Directed Energy
Interceptors
Kinetic Kill Destroy satellite by direct impact.
Conventional Explosive
Destroy satellite by explosion of chemical payload within lethal radius of satellite.
Nuclear ExplosiveDestroy satellite by nuclear radiation from explosion within lethal radius of satellite.
Directed Energy Weapons
High Power Microwave
Induce permanent damage to electronic circuits by over-stressing components with EM radiation, or thermally inducing structural damage.
High Energy Laser
Thermally induce structural, electronic, or sensor damage through irradiation.
Neutral Particle Beam
Thermally induce structural, electronic, or sensor damage through irradiation.
Electronic CounterMeasures
High Power Microwave
Temporarily interfere with normal operation of electronic circuits.
Noise Jamming Intentional transmission of interfering EM noise.
Deception Jamming
Intentional transmission of interfering signals to manipulate target systems.
SLAM ER Stand-off Land Attack Missile-Expanded
Response
HARM High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile
HARM Results
Portable Radar SiteIn Serbia
AIM-9 Sidewinder
Electronic Protection (EP)Electronic Protection (EP)
The protection of friendly combat capability against undesirable effect of friendly or enemy employment EW.
Electronic Protection (EP) Three primary ways to defend
ourselves from enemy EW Modify our radar - make it more
complex and harder to jam Modify the Medium - Chaff and Torch Modify the platform
EP: Radar DesignEP: Radar Design
Power Frequency PRF PW Pulse Shape Antenna Design Scan Pattern
EP FactorsEP Factors
Burnthrough: Increase signal strength to overpower jammer noise
Emission Control (EMCON) Alpha Bravo Charlie Delta
Operator Training
U.S. Shipboard EW CapabilitiesU.S. Shipboard EW Capabilities SLQ-32 “Sidekick” - on all combatants
Radar warning, detection and jamming Uses an internal library to auto detect &
categorize Infrared Flares - “Torch”
Formally on all combatants Chaff - on all combatants
U.S. Shipboard EW Capabilities SSQ-108 “Outboard” - on some Spruance
class, DDG, CG, LHA, LHD Any ship with SSES real-time, over-the-horizon passive detection,
localization, and targeting SLQ-39 Chaff Buoy - on Arleigh Burke
class Rubber Duck – looks like a life boat container
U.S. Airborne EW CapabilitiesU.S. Airborne EW Capabilities ALQ-142 - ES system on SH-60 Seahawk ALQ-99 - EW system on EA-6B Prowler
Mimics radar signals (Deception) ALQ-126 - EA jamming system on F-14 & F/A 18 ALQ-165 - EA jamming system on F/A-18 ALR-47 - ES detection system on S-3 Viking ALR-73 - ES detection system on E-2 Hawkeye Chaff - on SH-60 Seahawk
Questions?