Download - Ecosystem Modeling and Related Work at the SEFSC Summarized by Josh Sladek Nowlis 30 August 2007
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Ecosystem Modeling and Related Work at the SEFSC
Summarized byJosh Sladek Nowlis
30 August 2007
![Page 2: Ecosystem Modeling and Related Work at the SEFSC Summarized by Josh Sladek Nowlis 30 August 2007](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b3b7f8b9ab05999ed06/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Multispecies Virtual Population Analysis
• Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission-based effort
• Can the recovery of predators (bluefish, striped bass, weakfish) explain menhaden decline?
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Nutrients-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton
• Experimental system with rotifers and algae.
• Can set of differential equations explain observed changes in “ecosystem”?
• Despite simplicity and knowledge, difficult to recreate ecosystem dynamics.
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Habitat and Stock Assessments
• Stephens and MacCall (2004) technique adopted.
• Uses species assemblages when standardizing fishery-dependent catch rates.
• Assumption is that assemblages indicate the habitat or habitats fished.
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Estuarine Habitat
• Productivity of crustaceans (brown shrimp, white shrimp, blue crab) in TX, LA marsh habitat explained and valued by understanding performance related to physical features and habitat quality.
• Pink shrimp in FL Bay…growth and survival as a function of salinity and temperature.
• Similar multispecies effort focused on understanding effects of freshwater flows.
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• Significant (p<0.01) effect of inundation and map type
Map typeSolid
Coarse FineOpen
# su
b-ad
ult e
xpor
ts(th
ousa
nds) 300
400500600700800900
InundationLA/LA
LA/TXTX/LA
TX/TX
yz
x
w
Map locationLouisiana Texas
300400500600700800900
x xyy
z
x x
Production and Marsh Habitat
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Survival
Growth
Simulated potential harvest
Pink Shrimp Performance
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Pelagic and Benthic Habitat
• Oceanographic conditions used to predict abundance and distribution of marine mammals and fish.
• Benthic habitat categories used in Seaflower Biosphere Reserve, Colombia to develop enormous marine protected area network zoned representatively.
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The goal is to develop spatially explicit predictionsof animal density and abundance
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24SST
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
Dep
th
0.0010
0.0020
0.0030 0.0040
0.0050 0.0060
0.00
70
Sightings fromSurveys
Empirical models of the species-environmentrelationship Project these into space
as a density surface
Marine Mammal Habitat Approach
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Habitats And Fish• Fish assemblages also corresponded well to a priori
habitat definitions.
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
5GR
Seagrass
4WF
6WF5WF
3WF
1WF2WF
5LG
3WC2WC
1WC
2LP
1LP
6LP
3LP
4LP
3WM
5LP3LS
4LS6LS
5LS 2LS1LS
Mangroves
Forereef
Gorgonian
Crest
Leeward slope
Patch reefs
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Ecopath with Ecosim
• Examining effects of apex predator depletion in the Gulf of Mexico.
• Studying potential ecological effects of marine reserve establishment in Puerto Rico.
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Complementary Increases
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Council EwE Efforts
• Both Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Fishery Management Councils are leading EwE efforts.
• In both cases, lead outside scientists check in with Science Center staff on occasion; however, much information conveyed directly to Council staff.
• Potential for problems. Better if the Center would/could take the lead.
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Relevant Empirical Data
• Studying snapper-grouper assemblage structure and its spatial distribution in the US South Atlantic.
• Using differential fishing pressure to perform preliminary assessments of large assemblage of Hawaiian shallow water coral reef fishes.
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Fishing, Ecology, and Stock Status
Maximum length
Trophic level
Consumption pressure
ln(Stock status) Mobility
Ornamental pressure
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
PCA 1
PCA
2
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Summary
• Data limitations pose problems, present opportunities.
• Lack of formal Center-wide program is setting up some potential challenges.
• Nonetheless, individual initiative means that the Center does a moderate amount of ecosystem-based work.