Download - Eclipses by WSTA412
What is an eclipse?
• An eclipse occurs any time a celestial body passes in front of the Sun, blocking its light. – Examples:
1. Earth
2. The Moon
Celestial Bodies Line Up…• Syzygy- When the Moon, the Earth, and
the Sun line up perfectly for an eclipse.
What are the types of eclipses?• There are 2 types:
– Lunar Eclipses- When the Earth casts a shadow on the moon, causing the moon to go dark.
• Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon and casts a shadow on the Moon (Full Moon)
– Solar Eclipse- When the Moon casts a shadow on the Earth, causing the sun to go dark.
• The Moon comes between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow on part of Earth (New Moon)
• Umbra – The dark inner portion of the shadow cone.– Think Direct Shadow
• Penumbral – the lighter outer portion of the shadow.– Think “Side” Shadow
Parts of the shadow:
Lunar Eclipse• The Earth moves between the Sun and the Moon
– Blocks the Sun’s light– Causes the moon to glow red.
• There are 3 types:– Total – Partial– Penumbral
Types of Lunar Eclipses• Total Lunar Eclipse – when the Moon passes
completely into the umbra, or total shadow, of the Earth.
• Partial Lunar Eclipse – Occur when the Moon does not fully move into the umbra, or total shadow, of the Earth.
• Penumbral Lunar Eclipse – When the moon passes only through the penumbra, or partial shadow. – These eclipses are barely visible.
So, Why is the Moon Red during an Eclipse?
• The Earth’s atmosphere filters some sunlight and allows it to reach the Moon’s surface
• The blue light is removed– This light is usually scattered down to make a blue
sky over the earth in daytime
• Remaining light is red or orange– Some of this remaining light is refracted, or bent, so
that a small part of it reaches the Moon
• Exact appearance depends on dust and clouds in the Earth’s atmosphere
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6CXLf_74AE
Partial Lunar Eclipse: Occur when the Moon does not fully move into the
umbra, or total shadow, of Earth
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:When the moon passes only through the penumbra, or partial shadow.
These eclipses are barely visible.
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Solar Eclipses• When the Moon’s shadow covers part of
the Earth• Only happens at New Moon• Three types:
– Annular– Partial– Total
Types of Solar Eclipses
• Total Solar Eclipse – can only occur if you are at the exact spot within the moon’s umbra (which isn’t very big).
• Partial Solar Eclipse – Visible is you are in the penumbra of the shadow. – Only some of the moon will be shadowed.
• Annular Eclipse – occurs when the moon is farthest from the Earth in its orbit. – Moon look smaller, so during the eclipse you see an outer
ring of light from the Sun.
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Total Solar Eclipse• Observers in the “umbra” shadow see a total eclipse
– (safe to view the Sun); can see the corona (Outside layer of sun)
• Those in “penumbra” see a partial eclipse– not safe to look directly at Sun
• Only lasts a few minutes• Path of Totality about 10,000 miles long, only 100 miles wide
Total Solar Eclipse: can only occur if you are at the exact spot within the
moon’s umbra (which isn’t very big).
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Photo of a Total Eclipse
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xx3EwETgN38
Partial Solar Eclipse:Visible if you are in the penumbra of the shadow.
-Only some of the moon will be shadowed.
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Annular Solar Eclipse• When the Moon is too far to completely cover the Sun—the umbra doesn’t
reach the Earth• Sun appears as a donut around the Moon
Annular Solar Eclipse:•Occurs when the moon is farthest from the Earth in its orbit.
•Moon look smaller, so during the eclipse you see an outer ring of light from the Sun.
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Photos of an Annular Eclipse
http://sunearthday.nasa.gov/2006/multimedia/gal_010.php; photos taken by Fred Espenak
How often do Eclipses Happen?
• That depends!! – Lunar Eclipses happen more often than Solar Eclipses.
• Why?
– Well everyone who is experiencing nighttime during a lunar eclipse can see it.
• But you have to be at the exact spot on Earth to see a Solar Eclipse.
• The spot on Earth is so small, that the same place only sees a Solar Eclipse every 350 years!!
When will the next Eclipse happen?Date Type of
EclipseWhere What will the Eclipse Look
Like?
March 20, 2015
Total Solar Eclipse
-Europe-North/East Asia-North/West Africa-West in North America-Atlantic-Arctic
April 4, 2015
Partial Lunar Eclipse
-Much of Asia-Australia-Much of North America-Much of South America-Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean-Arctic-Antarctica
September 13, 2015
Partial Solar Eclipse
-South in Africa-Atlantic- Indian Ocean- Antarctica
September 28, 2014
Total Lunar Eclipse
-Europe-South/East Asia-Africa-Much of North America-Much of South America-Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean-Arctic-Antarctica