Download - Echinoderms
Echinoderms
Examples Sea stars, sand dollars, sea urchins, sea
cucumbers
Echinoderms Invertebrates Inhabit marine environments Most radially symmetrical No head (cephalization) Exoskeleton
Calcium Carbonate Water-vascular system
Water filled canals Tube feet
Movement, feeding, respiration, excretion
Fish
Phylum: Chordates Notochord Dorsal nerve
cord Pharyngeal
pouches Post-anal tail
Subphylum: Vertebrates Three characteristics
Vertebral column Skull Endoskeleton
Types of Fish Agnatha Lampreys and Hagfishes
Eel-like bodies Lack jaws, fins, and bones
Hagfish and Lampreys Hagfish
Bottom dwellers Burrow into body
of dead fish to eat Tie their bodies in
not to evade Hagfish
Lampreys Can be parasitic Feed on blood and
fluids of host Lamprey Invasion
Types of Fish Chondrichthyes Sharks, rays, and skates
Have jaws and fins Cartilage skeleton Unique scales-Placoid Sharks
Types of Fish Osteichthyes Bony Fish: Salmon, perch, catfish
Bone Lungs or swim bladder Scales Jaws
Lobe-finned Fish 7 species still exist Lungfish exchange gases through lungs
and gills Ancestors of amphibians
Ray-finned fish Fins supported by bony elements called
rays Eels, perch, trout, guppies, bass
Reduce Friction Detects
vibrations-Senses
Skull, spinal column, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle and ribs
Digestive & Excretion System Carnivores Mouth Esophagus Stomach
Intestine Anus Liver Gallbladder Pancreas
Excretion Kidneys Urine Urinary bladder
Circulatory System Heart, blood vessels, blood Heart arteries gills tissues veins
heart
Respiratory System Gills
Gill Arch Gill filaments
Nervous Brain Spinal Cord Nerves Lateral Line
Reproduction Male and female fish External fertilization Mortality of eggs & young fish are high
Lay many eggs Spawning
Build nests Migrate to warm water
Swim bladder Swim bladder
Thin-walled sac that contains oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen
Adjust the density of fish Move up and down in water
Classification Phylum: Chordata Order: Perciformes Family: Percidae
Amphibians
Adaptation to Land Evolved from lobe-
finned fish Water dried up and
adapted Escape predation
and competition Amphibians =
“Double” and “life”
Characteristics of Early AmphibiansShared Traits Skull Vertebral column Bones in the fin
Structure & position
Other Traits Sense Organs
Scent & sound Large tail Large teeth Gills 7 toes
Characteristics Most change from water to land Moist, thin skin with no scales Webbed feet Gills, lungs or skin in respiration Eggs laid in water that lack shells
Modern Amphibians Anura
Frogs and Toads
Urodela Salamandars
Apoda Legless amphibians Caecilians
External Structure Skin
Respiration & protection Potential dehydration
Mucous glands Mucus Foul-tasting or poisonous substances
Internal Structures
Radio-ulna
TibiofibulaFused Bones - Absorb the forces
Urostyle
Digestive System Larva – Herbivores
Algae & bacteria
Adults Carnivores Insects and small arthropods Mice, snakes, fish
Digestive System Mouth esophagus stomach
small/large intestine cloaca vent
Liver Gallbladder Pancreas
Excretory System Kidneys Urine Urinary Ducts Cloaca
Urinary bladder
Respiration Larval amphibians
Exchange CO2 and O2 through gills and skin
Adult Lungs and skin Pressure differences force air
in and out of lungs
Circulatory System 2 Loop system
Deoxygenated blood heart lungs oxygenated blood heart muscles heart
Arteries & veins Eliminates mixing of
de/oxygenated blood
Nervous System Brain
Olfactory Lobes - Smell Cerebrum – Responsible for learning Optic Lobes – Sight Cerebellum – Muscular coordination Medulla Oblongata – Joins brain and spinal
cord Spinal cord
Sense Organs Lateral Line
In Larva
Eyes covered by nictitating membrane
Ears Tympanic membrane
Reproductive System Male and Female Courtship
Mating calls Direct External
Fertilization Female lays eggs and
male discharges sperm over them
Parental care
Metamorphosis