Download - Early Hebrew Funeral Practices
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Early Hebrew Funeral Practices
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Death Beliefs
• basar (flesh)
• nefesh (breath)
• Sheol
• 150 BC
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Readings Question #1
• Describe how the early Hebrews prepared their dead. What was the preferred method of disposition and when did it take place? Why?
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Readings Question #2
• What were the mourning customs for the early Hebrews?
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Place of Burial
• Tombs: simple, unadorned
• Graves: single chamber (recess graves)sunken grave (stone cover)bench gravetrench grave
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Bench Grave
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Early Christian Funeral Practices
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Death Beliefs
• Soul: spiritual and immortal• Resurrection• Cremation• “Equality” in Death• Death as “Sleep”• Primitive Burial Customs
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Readings Question #3
• What were the requirements laid down by early canon law for burial of the dead?
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Readings Question #4
• Among the early Christians, who took charge of caring for the dead? What was done when death occurred?
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Other Christian Funeral Customs
• Early Christians had a tendency to take over the burial practices that were performed in the countries in which Christianity was becoming established.
• washing and anointing• The Wake• Requiem Mass and Holy Communion
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Readings Question #5
• Describe the early Christian funeral procession and the interment service.
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Early Christian Cemeteries
• catacombs: originated in ancient Rome as excavated cemeteries cut out of soft rock for the tombs of wealthy Christians; later became a place for religious rites to avoid persecution”
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“The Little Vatican” Catacomb
• 9 popes and 8 dignitaries of Rome’s 3rd century church
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“Cubicle of the Sacraments” Catacomb
• 5 small chambers (family tombs) with 3rd century frescoes depicting the sacraments of Baptism and the Eucharist
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Readings Question #6
• Describe what influence the 4th century Christian church had on Christian burial practices.
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Funeral Functionaries
• brethren of the dead and clergy• Constantine: state assumed responsibility• Burial parties• After the 4th century, funeral service became
part of the wider operation of an urban-type society.
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Ancient Scandinavian Funeral Practices
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Readings Question #7
• What were two important themes surrounding cremation in the Ancient Scandinavian tradition?
• “Stone Ships”
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Readings Question #8
• Describe the Scandinavian practice of ship burial during the Viking Age in Norway.
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Mound Burial
• “ancient Viking custom; after deceased was placed in his boat with items necessary for the spirit to maintain the position held on earth, all was cremated and the pyre then covered with earth”