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EARLY BRITIS
H
GOVERNMENT
U N I T 2
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EARLY BRITISH GOVERNMENT
Why do we need to know about British government?
America was a British colony for 169 years. America took many ideas from European
countries.
Britain was a monarchy in the time of colonial settlement in America.
There was a king and Parliament during that time.
Colonists did not have much of a choice in laws.
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IMPORTANT ENGLISH DOCUMENTS
Magna Carta: 1215 signed by King John
-Established limits on the king’s absolute authority (limited his power)
English Bill of Rights: 1688 - Limits the power of the crown- Sets out rights of Parliament
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ENLIGHTENMENTWilliam Blackstone: English judgeBelieved strongly in religious
toleranceSupported the idea of self
defenseBelieved in natural rights: life
and liberty
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ENLIGHTENMENTJohn Locke:English philosopherHe believed in certain natural rights
given to them by God: life, liberty and property
He also argued that the government is to protect those rights.
This is the foundation of the social contract – the agreement between people to form a government to rule over them and to abide by its rules.
Executive and Legislative Branches
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ENLIGHTENMENTCharles de
MontesquieuFrench LawyerExpanded on John Locke’s
branches of government
Added judiciary branchWrote of separation of
powersBelieved that in a
republic, education is a necessity
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COLONIAL DOCUMENTSMayflower Compact: Social Contract – settlers agree to
submit to the authority of government
Self-government/Majority ruleFundamental Orders of
Connecticut: First written constitution in the
coloniesVirginia House of Burgesses: First representative assembly in
the coloniesPenn’s Frames of Government: Protected rights and liberties-trial by jury-freedom of the press-religious tolerance
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REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENTDistance from EuropeColonists needed to make their own
laws to keep peace and orderColonists were used to English
system (Parliament)Most colonies were self-governingThese colonies elected members for
an assembly which made their laws.
Communities were isolated