Efficient integration of EVs with wind Efficient integration of EVs with wind power production
Esben Larsen Ali Adel MahmoudAssoc. Prof. M. Sc. EECET, DTU Electro CET, DTU Electro
ContentContent
1. Wind Power and Power Markets in Denmark3. Storage as a solution4. EVs as a suitable solution5. EVs to support WP6 EV d WP t th R id6. EVs and WP together as Reg.power provider
2010-09-222 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks
Danish Energy PolicyDoubling of wind power capacity
50% renewables in the power sector i 2025
2010-09-223 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power NetworksWorkshop on transport
2 Wind Power in Denmark
Increasing in WP penetration
2010-09-224 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks
Bound Production and ConsumptionT d i J 2003Two days in January, 2003
MW Bound production© Eltra amba
3000
4000
Primary CHP
Consumption
2000
3000Local CHP
1000 Wind power
015.01 16.01 17.01
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Danish electricity system operation-2007Electricity consumption and production details
2007 DK West DK East
Electricity consumption
21.6 TWh 14.5 TWh
Electricity production
23.4 TWh 13.7 TWhproduction
Local CHP 21.0% 15.3%
wind 23 8% 11 8%wind 23.8% 11.8%
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Danish electricity network 2010
HVDC
Danish electricity network-2010
HVDC
HVDC
Denmark-Interconnection to the neighbouring countries
HVDC
2010-09-228 Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks
http://energinet.dk/Flash/Forside/index.html
Electricity Market Structure-Denmark
• Liberalized market and a part of the Nord Pool market• Liberalized market and a part of the Nord Pool market• Commercial Market: The commercial markets are mainly
about establishing an energy balance per hourDay ahead (ElSpot) market –Day ahead (ElSpot) market
–Hour ahead (Elbas) market• Ancillary services: Purchased by the Transmission System
O (TSO) i D k i E i dk f Operator (TSO) in Denmark i.e., Energinet.dk, from selected central power plants (with must-produce-contracts), to ensure stable and reliable operation of the electricity systemselectricity systems.
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Day ahead (ElSpot) market Day ahead (ElSpot) market
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ElSpot DK West 2007ElSpot DK West 20071000
800
400
600
DK
K/M
Wh
200
00
01 1001 2001 3001 4001 5001 6001 7001 8001
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Hours
ElSpot MarketD ti h i h l i 2007Duration curves showing hourly prices - 2007
500
600
200
300
400
Pric
e D
KK
/MW
h
West Daytime
West Nighttime
East Daytime
East Nighttime
Average daytime
Average Night time
Night time Day time
0
100
1 1001 2001 3001 4001 5001 6001 7001 8001
hours
• A simple time switch:
– The owner can save less than 1 DKK per day for a typical Danish driving pattern of 40 km per day (4 - 8 kWh).
Wi d t ti ith t 50% i • Wind penetration with up to 50% in average:
– The periods with extreme prices are expected to increase – Only a minor increase is seen on the “normal” price level.
• V2G system controlled by a price signal,
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y y p g ,
– Energy loss of 15% – Compensation 0,15-0,200 DKK/kWh.
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jan feb mar apr maj jun jul aug sep oct nov dec0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Monthly share of wind power in domestic power consumption
20062025
Win
d P
ower
/ P
ower
Con
sum
ptio
n (%
)
2 Wind Power in Denmark
Increasing in WP penetration
50% of consumption from environmentally friendly sources in 2025
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Increasing in reserve requirements
• Fall in WP prices• Heavy loaded TL which
connected DK with neighbour countries
• Exporting of expensive WP with cheap prices
2 Wind Power in Denmark
Consequence of increasing WP penetration
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• Increasing in reserve requirementsFall in WP prices
• Heavy loaded TL which connected DK with neighbor countries
• Exporting of expensive WP with cheap prices
2 Wind Power in Denmark
Consequence of increasing WP penetration
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• Increasing in reserve requirements
• Fall in WP pricesHeavy loaded TL which connected DK with neighbor countries
• Exporting of expensive WP with cheap prices
2 Wind Power in Denmark
Consequence of increasing WP penetration
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-2000,0
-1000,0
0,0
1000,0
2000,0
3000,0
4000,0
5000,0
1 101 201 301 401 501 601 701
HoursM
Wh/
h
neighbourTher.Prowindcons.Reg.
• Increasing in reserve requirements
• Fall in WP prices• Heavy loaded TL which
connected DK with neighbor countriesExporting of expensive WP with cheap prices
Consequence of increasing WP penetration
2 Wind Power in Denmark
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3 Storage as a solution
Store the surplus WP production
• Feed the system with power when required
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3 Storage as a solution
● Store the surplus WP production
Feed the system with power when required
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4 EVs as a suitable solution
Types:
PHEV & Pure EV
Share of market:
Gradually change (10% in 2022)
Radical change
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4 EVs as a suitable solution
Limitations
EVComposition of the fleet
Availability of the fleet
NumberTimeCapacity
Charging facilites
Grid
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4 EVs as a suitable solution
Energy capacity
Up Reg. > Down Reg.
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4 EVs as a suitable solution
Denmark typically El-consumption
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4 EVs as a suitable solution
Improving the system
More stabil system
Reduce bottleneck situations
Better WP prices
Cheap & stabil power source
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5 EVs to support WP
Reducing Forecast Error
200,000 EV to cover East or West Denmark
Reducing Regulating power purchased by the TSO
WP can provide regulating power
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5 EVs to support WP
Example 1: Horns Rev wind farm20,000 EV to eliminate both fluctuation and forecast error
ResultsStabil productionMore efficient use of wind power resourcesAbility to provide up & down Regulating with competitive prices
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5 EVs to support WP
Example 2: West Denmark Area200,000 EVs to eliminate forecast error
100,000 EVs ~ 95% at hours
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
N u m b e r o f E V s * 1 0 0 0
% h
ours
to b
e cov
ered S et 1
S et 2S et 3S et 4
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6 EVs and WP together as Reg. power provider
Horns Rev & EVs100,000 EV ~ 100% of Reg. in West DK
Conclusion
• EV’s will play an interesting role in a future power system caused by the • EV s will play an interesting role in a future power system caused by the battery power storage provided in the power system, i.e.V2G .
• An intelligent architecture is needed for control of charging, G2V and V2G system services.
• Day ahead Market: Small economical benefits using the car as a flexible load
• Ancillary services: significant payment can be expected from the TSO. An intelligent systems for providing ancillary services must be developed. g y p g y p
• New providers of ancillary services will increase the competition in a profitably market causing expectations to a decrease in prices.
• Considerably more vehicles are needed to offer down regulation (charging) compared to up regulation (V2G) because batteries will (charging) compared to up regulation (V2G), because batteries will normally be higher charged and discharged.
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Thank You