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Dynamic modelling of steam locomotives using VAMPIre®
Owen Evans, DeltaRail
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Introduction to DeltaRail
We are a software and technology products and services We are a software and technology products and services business with offices in Derby and Londonbusiness with offices in Derby and London
We were formerly AEA Technology Rail and BR We were formerly AEA Technology Rail and BR ResearchResearch
We provide:We provide:• Signalling and signalling control solutionsSignalling and signalling control solutions• Operational softwareOperational software• Infrastructure support services and systemsInfrastructure support services and systems• Rolling stock maintenance solutionsRolling stock maintenance solutions One of our products is VAMPIREOne of our products is VAMPIRE®®, a well-proven , a well-proven
computer package for modelling the dynamic behaviour computer package for modelling the dynamic behaviour of railway vehiclesof railway vehicles
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Introduction to VAMPIRE®
VAMPIREVAMPIRE®® was developed during the APT project to was developed during the APT project to simulate the behaviour of high speed rail vehiclessimulate the behaviour of high speed rail vehicles
It has been developed and expanded into a reliable and It has been developed and expanded into a reliable and easy-to-use tool for railway vehicle dynamics engineerseasy-to-use tool for railway vehicle dynamics engineers
It is currently licensed to customers all over the worldIt is currently licensed to customers all over the world It has very rarely been used to model steam locomotivesIt has very rarely been used to model steam locomotives
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Websites
DeltaRail website:DeltaRail website:www.deltarail.comwww.deltarail.com
VAMPIRE website:VAMPIRE website:www.vampire-dynamics.co.ukwww.vampire-dynamics.co.uk
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Introduction to Owen Evans
Career railway engineerCareer railway engineer Sponsored student with BRELSponsored student with BREL Worked on bogie structures 1991-96Worked on bogie structures 1991-96 Carried out dynamics for the new Turbostar and Carried out dynamics for the new Turbostar and
Electrostar trains using VAMPIREElectrostar trains using VAMPIRE®® Left Adtranz and joined AEA Technology in 2001Left Adtranz and joined AEA Technology in 2001 Can’t remember a time when I didn’t love steam Can’t remember a time when I didn’t love steam
locomotiveslocomotives
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Why model steam locomotives?
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Background
Most current new builds are largely replicas of Most current new builds are largely replicas of successful prototypes, some incorporating existing partssuccessful prototypes, some incorporating existing parts
Vehicle acceptance on basis of ‘grandfather rights’Vehicle acceptance on basis of ‘grandfather rights’ This approach is less favoured nowThis approach is less favoured now Some groups may wish to modify existing locomotives to Some groups may wish to modify existing locomotives to
improve performanceimprove performance Some may wish to build a new design of loco using Some may wish to build a new design of loco using
modern technology modern technology Some may wish to build new locos based on old designs Some may wish to build new locos based on old designs
that were not entirely successful and will need to change that were not entirely successful and will need to change the designthe design
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The Class P2
The A1 Steam Locomotive Trust, builders of ‘Tornado’, The A1 Steam Locomotive Trust, builders of ‘Tornado’, wish to build a new Class P2 2-8-2 locomotivewish to build a new Class P2 2-8-2 locomotive
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The Class P2
The original locos were fast and powerful and a new one The original locos were fast and powerful and a new one would be able to pull heavy trains on Network Railwould be able to pull heavy trains on Network Rail
The new loco as the only full size 2-8-2 in Britain would The new loco as the only full size 2-8-2 in Britain would attract great interestattract great interest
The originals were accused of causing track damage The originals were accused of causing track damage and suffered from broken crank axlesand suffered from broken crank axles
The new version will have to be significantly modifiedThe new version will have to be significantly modified The modern approvals process will require such a loco The modern approvals process will require such a loco
to be modelled dynamicallyto be modelled dynamically Before this a feasibility study is required, involving Before this a feasibility study is required, involving
dynamic modellingdynamic modelling
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The Class P2 feasibility study
New area for VAMPIRE, so important to have a validated New area for VAMPIRE, so important to have a validated modelmodel
Test results available for ‘Tornado’ track tests on GCR Test results available for ‘Tornado’ track tests on GCR and Newcastle-Yorkand Newcastle-York
VAMPIRE model of ‘Tornado’ created and validatedVAMPIRE model of ‘Tornado’ created and validated Model modified to represent Class P2 as builtModel modified to represent Class P2 as built Aim to reproduce curving problems found in practiceAim to reproduce curving problems found in practice Apply proposed design changes (mainly pony truck) and Apply proposed design changes (mainly pony truck) and
assess effectivenessassess effectiveness Help to decide whether to proceed with projectHelp to decide whether to proceed with project
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Challenges of steam loco modelling
Much of suspension similar to older freight vehiclesMuch of suspension similar to older freight vehicles• Leaf springsLeaf springs
• Hanger linksHanger links
• HornguidesHornguides A few particular challengesA few particular challenges
• Links hanging from leaf springsLinks hanging from leaf springs
• Static indeterminacyStatic indeterminacy
• Reciprocating massesReciprocating masses
• The Cartazzi truckThe Cartazzi truck
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Reciprocating masses
Calculate and apply sinusoidal forces using User Calculate and apply sinusoidal forces using User SubroutineSubroutine
Frequency can be derived from speedFrequency can be derived from speed Need to calculate longitudinal and vertical forces and Need to calculate longitudinal and vertical forces and
roll, pitch and yaw moments on loco body and wheelsetsroll, pitch and yaw moments on loco body and wheelsets
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The Cartazzi truck
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The Cartazzi truck
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The Cartazzi truck
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The Cartazzi truck
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The Cartazzi truck
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The Cartazzi truck
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The Cartazzi truck
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The Cartazzi truck model
And several hundred lines of Fortran!And several hundred lines of Fortran!
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Determining the CG height
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The complete ‘Tornado’ model
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The complete ‘Tornado’ model
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The complete ‘Tornado’ model
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‘Tornado’ model validation- locomotive
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‘Tornado’ model validation- tender
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The P2 ‘as-built’ model
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The P2 ‘as-built’ model
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The P2 ‘as-built’ model
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The P2 ‘as-built’ model
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Next… the modified P2 model
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Thanks to the A1 Steam Locomotive Trust
www.a1steam.comwww.a1steam.com
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Questions…?