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Drama
The form of literary composition designed for performance in the
theater, in which actors take the roles of the characters, perform the indicated action, and speak the written dialogue
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Terms
• Soliloquy
• Aside
• Greek chorus
• Monologue
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Tragic Hero
• A worthy person, frequently someone of high rank in society, whose tragic flaw ultimately destroys him
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Tragic Flaw
• Defect in character which causes the downfall
• Hubris
• Excessive pride the most common tragic flaw in Greek literature
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Catharsis
• A release of emotions
• A release from tension
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Chorus
• A group of 15 to 20 townspeople (usually elders) who represent conventional wisdom and who comment on the action
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Greek Theater
• Orchestra Dancing place
• Skene Building with three doors-
• backdrop
• Parodos Entrance song of the chorus
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Satyr Play
• The fourth play – a comedy
• A satyr is a mythological subject having goat like qualities
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Verbal Irony
• Saying one thing but meaning another
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Dramatic Irony
• situation in which there is an incongruity between what is said or done by a character versus what is known by the audience.
• The audience knows more
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Dionysis
• Greek god of wine and procreation
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Oedipus Complex
• Sexual feelings of a child toward the parent of the opposite sex
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Soothsayer
• Person who predicts the future
• Oracle
• A person through whom a diety is believed to speak giving wise or authoritative decisions
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Greek Theater
• The roots of modern theater
• The Theban Plays by Sophocles
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Most Famous Greek Playwrights
• Aeschylus
• Sophocles
• Euripedes
• Aristophanes
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Greek Philosophies
• Know Thyself•
• Nothing in Excess
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Oedipus
• Demonstrates the perfect tragic hero as understood by Aristotle
• Read text pages 1210 - 1213
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Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero
• 1. Comes from nobility
• 2. Has Tragic Flaw
• 3. Undergoes a reversal of fortune
• 4. Has a downfall
• 5. Recognizes his mistakes
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The Unities – a way of providing a central focus to a play
• Aristotle believed that perfect tragedies had
• Unity Of Time: 24 hour period
• Unity of Place: one setting
• Unity of Action: One plot
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Tragedies
• 1. Tragedy is meant to reaffirm the fact that life is worth living, regardless of the suffering or pain that is part of human existence
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• 2. Tragedies are about people in conflict with the universe.
• Tragedies are always about spiritual conflicts, never about every day events
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• 3. Tragic actions arise from a character’s inner conflict
– A tragic protagonist must have magnitude: his struggles are great because he is important to society
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• 4. The tragic protagonist must fall from high to low and will have a noble soul.
– The audience must care about the tragic protagonist
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5. The tragic protagonist is a good man, but not perfect.
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• 6. The protagonist’s actions should arouse feelings of both pity and fear in the audience.
• Pity because the protagonist is better than we are, so we place ourselves into his position.
• Fear because we too do not know our future or our fate.
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• 7. By the end of the play, the audience should be purged of pity and fear, so they go through a catharsis.
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• 8. The tragic protagonist must ask the first and last of all questions:
• • What does it mean to be?
• A. He must face the world alone, unaccommodated and kick against his fate.
• He can never escape his fate, but he will insist upon accepting fate on his own terms.
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The Theban Legend
• Legend - a traditional narrative handed down through popular oral tradition to illustrate and celebrate a remarkable character, an important event, or to explain the unexplainable. Legends claim to be true and usually take place in real locations, often with genuine historical figures.
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Urban Legends
• How many do you know??????
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Riddle of the Sphinx
• What goes on four legs in the morning, two legs at noon, and three legs in the evening?
• Sphinx – a monster with the head of a woman, wings of an eagle and body of a lion
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Archetype
• “universal human consciousness”
• A character, action, or situation that is a prototype or pattern of human life
• Generally, a situation that occurs over and over again in literature such as a quest, or an initiation, or an attempt to overcome evil
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• Birth
• Growing up
• Love
• Family
• Death
• Struggles between parent and child
• Fraternal rivalry
The fundamental facts of human existence are archetypal:
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Characters or personality types:
• Rebel• The Don Juan• The all conquering hero• Braggadocio• Local youth who makes good• The self made man• The traitor • The snob• Damsel in distress
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Creatures
• The lion
• The eagle
• The snake
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Themes
• Arduous quest or search
• Pursuit of vengeance
• Overcoming of difficult tasks
• Descent into the underworld
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Carl Jung
• A Swiss psychologist
• Determined the theory - archetype meaning first molds or patterns
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