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Developed by the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa working closely with Weta Workshop
World War ITeachers’ Resource Pack
Contents
Developed by the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa working closely with Weta Workshop
1 WorldWarI
3 Aboutthisresource
5 Insidetheexhibition–whatstudentswillexperience
5 Parentalguidancerecommended
6 Section 1: The great adventure
9 SpencerWestmacottOBE
11 Section 2: Order from chaos
13 PercivalFenwick
15 WilliamMalone
17 Section 3: Stalemate
18 JackDunn
20 Section 4: Chunuk Bair
23 RikihanaCarkeek
25 Section 5: Saying goodbye
27 TheMaheno
29 LottieLeGallais
30 Section 6: Western Front
32 CecilMalthus
34 Learningactivities
36 Slice of Heaven exhibition
43 Further resources
43 Explore World War I at Te Papa – a long-term approach
2
About this resourceThis resource supports learning about World War I (also known as the Great War), with a focus on the experiences of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (Anzac) on the Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. It accompanies the exhibition Gallipoli: The scale of our war and is suitable for students in years 5–13.
The resource provides:
n exhibition text about the events that took place on Gallipoli, including soldiers’ accounts
n learning activities to prompt discussion in the exhibition or afterwards in the classroom
n extension activities that connect with the Te Papa exhibition Slice of Heaven: 20th Century Aotearoa, which explores further aspects of the First World War.
The content draws from the exhibition text, which was written as if from the soldiers’ perspective, and actual quotes from New Zealanders who were on Gallipoli.
You can find out more at
www.gallipoli.tepapa.govt.nz
www.gallipoli.tepapa.govt.nz/watch
www.tepapa.govt.nz/sliceofheaven
SLICE OF HEAVENEXHIBITION
WATCHBUILDING GALLIPOLI
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TomarkthecentenaryoftheFirstWorldWar,
TePapahasjoinedforceswithWetaWorkshop
tobringyouGallipoli: The scale of our war.
Thisimmersiveexhibitionexploresthebrutal
8-monthcampaignthroughtheeyesandwords
ofNewZealanderswhowerethere.
Perhaps [Anzac Cove] will someday be known as Bloody Beach Bay. God knows we have paid heavily for it. Lieutenant Colonel Percival Fenwick
Inside the exhibitionTheexhibitionallowsstudentsto:
n experiencethescaleoftheGallipolicampaignthroughlarge-scalereplicasofNewZealanderswhotookpart
n seeobjectsbroughthomeorassociatedwiththebattlefieldsofGallipoli
n viewphotostakenbysoldiersonthefrontlinen followthecampaignon3-Dmapsandprojectionsn seetheweaponsusedandexplorethehavocthey
wroughtn discoverthecramped,filthyconditionsthatthe
soldiersfacedn readextractsfromlettersanddiarieswrittenby
soldiers,andhearfromveteransmanyyearsaftertheyserved
n seeinsideaminiatureoftheMaheno,asteamshipconvertedintoahospitalshiptoevacuatethesickandwounded.
About the exhibition Gallipoli: The scale of our war
Parental guidance recommendedContainsgraphiccontentandsomelanguagethatmayoffend.
Gallipoli: The scale of our warcontainscontentthatmaydisturbsomestudents(especiallythosewhohaveexperiencedwar),includingweapons,soundsofgunfire,imagesofthedead,graphicdepictionofwounds,andstrongreferencestotheTurkishenemyinthesoldiers’ownwords.
Please appropriately prepare your students for the material they are going to see. Werecommendthat,beforevisitingwithyourclass,you:
n attendtheGallipoliteacherprevieworaprofessional-developmentworkshop
n orexploretheexhibitiononyourownn orcontactourEducationCoordinatorto
discussyourvisit:phone(04)3817443oremail:[email protected]
Pleasealsoensurethatyouhaveenoughparenthelperstoattendontheday.
Learning activitiesCan be found throughout this resource
5
SeCTion The great adventure
In this section of the exhibitionn WhyNewZealandsoldierswereonGallipolin ArrivalonGallipolin First3weeksonGallipolin Compulsorymilitarytraining
Anzac Cove, 25 April 1915. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (PAColl-3604-1)
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6
Compulsory military trainingTroublewasbrewinginEurope,andtheBritswantedusreadytodefendthe‘mothercountry’.Soin1909,ourgovernmentestablishedcompulsorymilitarytrainingandaTerritorialForcetoprotectourownshores.Everyable-bodiedmanagedbetween18and25hadtoserveintheforcepart-time.
Ladsaged14to18weretrainedindrillandriflepracticeasSchoolCadets.Boysaged12to14trainedasJuniorCadets,butsomeparentsthoughtthemtooyoung,sothatstoppedin1912.
Why we went to GallipoliWarbrokeoutinAugust1914,andinOctoberwesailedforFrancetofighttheGermans.ButthentheTurksjoinedthewarinsupportofGermany.WewerestoppedinEgypttoprotecttheSuezCanal,ontheedgeoftheOttomanEmpire–theTurks’territory.ThenweweresenttoinvadeGallipoli,withtheultimateaimofcapturingtheTurkishcapital,Constantinople(Istanbul).
Invading Gallipoli, TurkeyGallipoliwasourfirstcampaignofthewar.WelandedatAnzacCoveonApril25th1915,readytobackuptheAussies.
The Turks welcomed us with shrapnel and sprayed up the sea all about us. Lieutenant Colonel William Malone
Wewerecarryingcloseto75lbs(34kg)ingear–nearlyhalfourbodyweightinsomecases.
In getting out of the boats, many men got a saltwater bath all over. They had full packs, 200 rounds of ammunition, three days food etc, and so easily slipped and fell. Lieutenant Colonel William Malone
Wecarriedportableentrenchingtools,andsodidtheTurks.Youslottedthewoodenhandleintothepickandshovelblade,andcouldscrapeyourselfashallowholetoescapeenemyfire.
New Zealand troops in narrow ‘coffin’ holes on the ridges above Anzac Cove, April 1915. Centre with pipe: Private Harold McCoy. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (PAColl-3604-03)
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Hugging the ground in frantic terror, we began to dig blindly with our puny entrenching tools. Private Cecil Malthus
Thefirstdayoffightingwasbrutal:3,100ofuslandedand650werekilledorwounded.
The Turkish enemyJohnnyTurk,Abdul,Jacko…whateverwecalledtheTurks,theywerebloodytoughopponents.We’dbeentoldtheywerepoorfighters,buttheywerebattlehardened,welltrained,andwellled.Thiswastheirhome,andtheydefendeditbyholdingthehighgroundandtryingtodriveusbacktothesea.
I don’t order you to attack. I order you to die. By the time we are dead, other units and commanders will have come up to take our place. Lieutenant Colonel Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), commander of the Turkish 19th Division on Gallipoli
Learning activitiesn HowdoyouthinkcompulsorySchool
Cadetsatsecondaryschoolwouldbereceivedtoday?
n Discusswithafriendthestatement:‘Entrenchingtoolswereasvaluableasyourrifle.’
Whichdoyouthinkwouldhavebeenmorevaluableandwhy?
Whichtoolsmighttoday’ssoldiersdescribeasvaluable?
Without a pang, without doubt or hesitation, we dropped the life that had absorbed us ... the great adventure began. Private Cecil Malthus
n Whatevidenceindicatesthatmanysoldierssharedthisview?
n Wouldyouhavesharedit?DoyouthinkNewZealanderstodaywouldrespondinthesamewayiftheyweresentoverseastofight?Whatmakesyousaythat?
8
Born:Christchurch,1885Died:Wellington,1960
Before the warn Workedonhisfather’sfarmandenjoyed
landscapepaintingn SupervisedSchoolCadetsatTrentham,
Wellington–hisonlybreakfromfarming
In the warn OfficerwiththeAucklandInfantryBattalion
intheMainBodyoftheNewZealandExpeditionaryForce,whichdepartedforEuropeon16October1914
When war came, I must go ... I had the chance to lead men. I could show what I was made of, in the greatest test of all.
LieutenantSpencerWestmacottwasoneofthefirstmentolandonGallipolionApril25th.HereinforcedtheAustralianline,buthisrightarmwassmashedbyabulletwhileholdingoffaTurkishattack.
Auckland Infantry Battalion landing at Anzac Cove on 25 April 1915, by Spencer Westmacott. Courtesy of Yvonne Riddiford.
Raised on my elbows, I continued to examine the landscape in front through the binoculars … when I received a blow on my right arm … which turned me right over … I gave some groans, and was very ashamed of them.
Spencer Westmacott OBE
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HewasstretcheredtothebeachandevacuatedthatnighttoamilitaryhospitalinAlexandria,Egypt.There,hisrightarmwasamputated.Whilerecuperating,hewrote:
I shall become a rigorous penman with my left hand. I shall be able to accomplish all sorts of things.
After the warIn1917,WestmacottmarriedJeanCampbell,whomhe’dknownsincechildhoodandhadmetagainduringhisconvalescence.Afterthewar,heattendedartschool.HeandJeanhadasonandtwodaughters.TheyeventuallyreturnedtohisfarmnearTeKuiti.
DuringWorldWarII(1939–45),WestmacottcommandedtheOtorohangaBattalionoftheHomeGuard.HediedinWellingtonin1960.
Spencer Westmacott and his wife, Jean, on their farm near Te Kuiti, 1929. Photographer unknown, Courtesy of Yvonne Riddiford
Learning activitiesn WhatdoyouthinkWestmacottmay
havebeenthinkingandfeeling:– beforelandingonGallipoli?– whileonGallipoli?– onreturningtoNewZealand?
n DoyouthinkhisattitudestowarwouldhavechangedasaresultofhisexperiencesonGallipoli?Whydoyousaythat?
Lieutenant Spencer Westmacott, August 1914 (detail). Photographer unknown. Courtesy of Yvonne Riddiford
10
SeCTion order from chaos
In this section of the exhibitionn Truce:Buryingourdeadn Ammunitionanditseffectsn Roleofthesnipern Quinn’sPost:Shamblestoshelter
New Zealand dressing station on the beach where the New Zealand Medical Corps tended the wounded. Photograph by Percival Fenwick. Tämaki Paenga Hira Auckland War Memorial Museum (PH-NEG-C54328)
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ChaosOurlandingonApril25thhadbeenabloodyshambles.TheTurksweren’tabouttoletup,andwehungonbyourfingernails.
Ourcommandershadtorapidlyimprovethedefencesandorganisefrightenedmentofight.Thewoundedfloodedin,andourmedicalofficerstrieddesperatelytobringsomeordertothechaos.
Truce: Burying our deadTheTurksfoughtbackhardonMay19th,andwemetthemwithamillionroundsofrifleandmachine-gunfire.Thebattlefieldwascoveredintheirdead–around3,500–andhundredsofourownmenfromthelanding.Thestenchwasunbearable.
TheTurksrequestedaceasefiresobothsidescouldlaytheirdeadtorest.OnMay24th,thegunsfellsilent.
The Turkish dead lay so thick that it was almost impossible to pass without treading on the bodies … swollen, black, hideous, and over all a nauseating stench that nearly made one vomit … I pray God I may never see such an awful sight again. Lieutenant Colonel Percival Fenwick
Burying dead soldiers during the truce, 24 May 1915. Photograph by Lieutenant Colonel William Malone. Malone Family Collection
At this spectacle, even the most gentle must feel savage, and the most savage must weep. Attributed to Turkish Captain Nazim
Learning activitiesn LieutenantColonelPercivalFenwick
saidthisaboutthefirst24hoursonGallipoli:
‘AmorehellishSundayonecouldnotconceive.’– Whydoyouthinkhefeltlikethis?– Whatevidencecanyoufindthat
otherssharedhisperspective?Doyoushareit?
n Whydoyouthinkbothsidesagreedtoatrucetoburythedead?
n TheTurksandAnzacsswappedsmokes(cigarettes)duringthetruce.– Doyouthinkthetrucewouldhave
changedtheperspectivesofanyofthesoldiersabouttheenemy?
– Wouldithavechangedyourperspective?Whyorwhynot?
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Born:London,1870Died:1958
Before the war n Trainedasadoctorandworkedinseveral
Londonhospitalsn Appointedship’ssurgeon,n AppointedtothestaffofChristchurchHospital
in1895n LeftfortheSouthAfricanWarinJanuary1900
asasurgeoncaptainn MarriedNonaWrightin1903.Theirdaughter
Gwendolenwasbornin1905,inWanganui,andtheirsonChristopherin1908.
In the warLieutenantColonelPercivalFenwickwasanearlyvolunteer.HewentwiththeMainBodytoEgyptandlandedonGallipolion25April.HewasoneofthefirstNewZealanddoctorsashore.In24hours,hetreatedhundredsofAnzacsonthebeach,laterrecalling:‘Everyminute,thenumberincreased…thechaosbecameappalling…IdressedasmanyasIcould,butitwasadreadfultime…Menwerehit
constantly…’
Total to date: 5,000 casualties, about three men per yard of ground gained. An order came out naming this bay Anzac Bay … Perhaps it will someday be known as Bloody Beach Bay. God knows we have paid heavily for it.
Endlesshourstreatingthesickandwoundedtooktheirtoll.IllnessforcedareluctantFenwickoffthepeninsulaaftertwomonths–inGallipoliterms,alifetime.
It is not the danger dirt and misery – it is the ghastly waiting to be killed that wears us all to shreds.
AfterabriefspellinNewZealand,FenwickspenttherestofthewarinBritain,wherehecommandedtwoNewZealandmilitaryhospitals.
Percival Fenwick
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After the warAfterthewar,FenwickresumedhismedicalcareerinChristchurch.Inthe1920s,hecombinedthiswithmilitaryandcivicduties.In1924,hesetupChristchurchHospital’sradiotherapydepartment,whichheheadeduntil1943.
Learning activities
It would worry my wife dreadfully if she knew the inferno we were living in, and my weekly letters are very milk-and-watery. The censor is a good excuse for not mentioning anything except we are in garrison and enjoying sea-bathing.
n Basedonthisquote,howdoyouthinkLieutenantColonelPercivalFenwickfeltaboutwritinghome?
n Whydoyouthinkthesoldiers’letterswerecensored?Doyouagreewithcensorseditingsoldiers’personalletters?Explainyourperspectivetoafriend.
n Doyouthinkthegovernmentshouldbeabletocensorourpersonalemailstoday?Whyorwhynot?
Percival Fenwick in his dugout. Photographer unknown. Tämaki Paenga Hira Auckland War Memorial Museum (PH-NEG-C54342)
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Born:England,1859Died:ChunukBair,August1915
Before the warn ArrivedinTaranakiin1880n JoinedtheArmedConstabularyn Tookupfarmingn Ultimatelybecamealawyern Commandedthe11thRegimentin1911
In the warn AppointedtocommandWellingtonInfantry
BattalionoftheNewZealandExpeditionaryForcen SailedforEuropeinOctober1914n TrainedtroopsinEgyptn On25April1915,invadedGallipoliwiththe
WellingtonInfantryBattalionaspartoftheNewZealandExpeditionaryForce
The might and cohesion of the British Empire was made evident. It was an inspiring sight, and I felt proud to be an actor in the action.
The beach was crowded with all sorts of beings, men, mules, donkeys, horses, ammunition, supplies, naval beach parties.
nDiedinthebattleforChunukBair,August1915
William Malone
Learning activitiesn Findevidencethatsupportsthe
statement‘Malonewasahighlyskilledanddedicatedsoldieraswellasalovinghusband.’Doyouagreewiththisdescription?Whyorwhynot?
n HowwouldyoudescribeMalone’sattitudetowar?Isitonethatyouthinkothersoldiersatthetimeagreedwith?DoyouthinkmostpeopleinNewZealandtodaysharethatattitude?Pleaseexplainyouranswers.
Quinn’s Post: Shambles to shelter
Dirty, dilapidated, unorganised … This post has been a source of anxiety to the whole army, so I was honoured by being … put in charge.
Quinn’sPostwasonly6to10feetfromtheTurkishtrenchesandtotallyexposed.ThankstoLieutenantColonelWilliamMalone,theAnzacsmanagedtoholdit.Whenhetookoveron9June,hereorganisedthedefencesandhadhismenreturnTurkishfiretwofold.Withinaweek,they’dtransformedthepostfromthemostdangerousanddirtypositiontooneofthesafestandstrongestonGallipoli.
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SeCTion Stalemate
In this section of the exhibitionn JackDunnsentencedtodeathn No.1Outpost/MaoriPahn PlanningtheAugustoffensive
Soldiers in a trench, Gallipoli, 1915. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (½-103903)
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Stalemate: No way forwardInJuneandJuly,theTurkstriedtodriveusbacktothesea.They’dhemmedusin,butweimprovedourdefencesandheldthemoff.Stalemate.
Dayin,dayout,ourtuckerwasthesame:salty,stringybully-beefandrock-hardbiscuits,andsometimescheeseandjam.Intheheat,thecornedbeefandcheeseturnedtoliquidandbuzzedblackwithflies.Someofusgotskinnyascrows.Waterhadtobebroughtinbyboat,andwecarriedourmeagredailyrationinbottles.
Inraremomentstoourselves,we’dsmoke,writehome,mendouruniforms,orpickofflice.Someblokescarvedorsketched.
Picking lice from clothing, Gallipoli, November/December 1915. Photograph by Norman Prior. Wairarapa Archives (11-72/4-2-30)
The dugout of George Gordon Denniston and Robert Lanktree Withers, Gallipoli, 1915. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (PA1-o-863-07-8)
Maori PahAfterbeingsidelinedonMalta,usMaorisfinallygottoAnzacCoveonJuly3rd1915.No.1OutpostbecameknownastheMaoriPah.Itwasgoodtohearriflesgoingoffinthehills–realwaratlast!
WewereputtoworkdiggingtheGreatSap,asupplyandcommunicationtrenchallowingdaylighttraveltotheoutpostswithoutbeingshot.WealsoluggedheavywatertanksuptoPlugge’sPlateau.Wewerefreshandfit–infarbetternickthanthechapsalreadyhere.
Planning the August offensiveThestalematewiththeTurkshadtobebroken.OurAnzaccommandersdevisedaplan.
WewouldattacktheSariBairrangeinearlyAugustandtakethehighground,includingChunukBair–thebigsteptowardstheDardanellesStraitandthenthecapital,Constantinople(Istanbul).TheAussieswoulddistracttheTurkstothesouth,andafreshlotofTommies(British)wouldreinforceusfromthebeachesfurthernorth.Ifeverythingwenttoplan,victorywouldbeours.
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Born:Wairarapa,1889Died:ChunukBair,August1915
Before the warn Keenathleten Journalist
In the warn Enlistedwithhisbrothern Camedownwithpneumoniaafterone
monthoffightingn Returnedfromhospitalveryquicklyn Fellasleepathispostandwassentencedto
deathaspertheManual of Military Law: ‘Asentinelfoundasleepordrunkathispost
whileonactiveservicewould,ifthecharacterandthecircumstancesoftheoffenceweresufficientlygrave,beliabletosufferdeath.’
Jack Dunn
John (Jack) Dunn (right), before 1915 (detail). Photographer unknown. Wairarapa Archive (05-39/P-J-34-2.R14B9S4)
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Reading of findings of court martial of Private Jack Dunn, Quinn’s Post, 4 August 1915. Photographer unknown. Australian War Memorial (P04250.003)
Learning activitiesn Doyouthinkthedecisiontosentence
Dunntodeathwasfair?Whyorwhynot?Howdoyouthinkhewouldhavefeltaboutit?
n InNewZealand,thelastpersonsentencedtodeathdiedin1957.In1989,theAbolitionoftheDeathPenaltyActcameintoforceandnownooneinNewZealandcanbesentencedtodeathforacrime.– Whatmighthaveledtosociety
changingitsviewonthisissue?– Doyouthinkthedeathpenalty
shouldapplyinthemilitary?Shouldthemilitaryhaveitsownrulesandpunishments?Whyorwhynot?
Jack’s death sentenceOneofJackDunn’scomradesrememberedhimasbeing‘gametothecore’–he‘neverflinchedinthefaceofthemostdeadlyfire’.Evenso,hewassentencedtodeathforfallingasleepathispostandendangeringthelivesofhiscomrades.HewasimprisonedatQuinn’sPostfor17days,buttheGeneraleventuallytookhisillnessandreputationintoaccountandoverturnedtheruling.
ThisphotoshowsthemomentJackheardhe’dgotoffhisdeathsentence.Youcanseehiminthelowerleftoftheimage–bareheaded,armstohisside,backtothecamera.
OnAugust4th,Jackwassentbacktothefrontline.Afewdayslater,hewaskilledonChunukBairduringthebigoffensivetobreakthestalemate.
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SeCTion Chunuk Bair
In this section of the exhibitionn ThebattleforChunukBairn MaoriContingentinactionn Fieldtelephone
Soldiers on Table Top in a captured Turkish trench, Gallipoli, 7 August 1915. Photograph by James Read. Alexander Turnbull Library (1/4-058131-F)
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The August offensiveTheattackonChunukBairgotofftoabrilliantstartonthenightofAugust6th.By10pm,theAucklandMountedRifleshadtakenOldNo.3Outpost.ThentheWellington,Otago,andCanterburyMountedsmovedupandseizedothervitalpositions.Everyoneonfoot,allsilent,justbayonets.
TheTurksdefendedferociouslyandwelostmanymen,butwesecuredallthefoothills.ThedoortoChunukBairwaswideopen.
Members of the Canterbury Mounted Rifles with their Maxim machine gun, 10 August 1915. The man standing is Gordon Harper, the team commander. Anthony Hanmer, the gunner, was killed later that day. Photographer unknown. Courtesy of the Harper family.
Two New Zealand soldiers in a trench, one using a field telephone, Gallipoli, 1915. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (PA1-o-863-10-4)
The night air was broken vigorously by the Maori war cry of “Ka Mate, Ka Mate! Ka Ora, Ka Ora!” We may die, we may die! We may live! We may live! Captain Peter Buck (Te Rangi Hīroa)
Asourinfantrymovedup,TurkswaylaidtheOtagos,andtheCanterburysgotlost.Onlytwooffourbattalionswerereadytotakethesummit.
LieutenantColonelMalone’sWellingtonswerepoisedtoattackbeforedawn,butthebrigadecommanderhesitated.TheAucklandswereorderedtogoindaylightandweremowndown.Malonerefusedtofollowanddemandedanattackthatnight.
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Learning activitiesn WilliamMalonehadacollectionof
militarytextbooks,whichhestudiedcarefully.HowmightthishavehelpedhimintheattackonChunukBair?
n Doyouthinkinformationonkillingandmilitarystrategyshouldbeavailabletoeveryone?Why/whynot?Howcouldaccesstosuchinformationbemanaged?
n DoyouthinktheattackonChunukBairwasawastedeffort?Whatevidencesupportsyouropinion?
Beforedawnthenextday,Malone’smengrabbedthesummitofChunukBair.Buttheirsuccesswasshortlived,andtheTurkssoonretooktheposition.Malonewaskilledbyartilleryfirefromourownside.About700ofhismenalsolosttheirlives.
Ifithadn’tbeenforJesseWallingford–‘thehumanmachinegun’–wecouldhavebeenbeatenbackentirely.OnAugust10th,hiscarefullyplacedgunshelpedstopamassiveTurkishcounter-attackjustbelowthesummit.OurlastgasponGallipolicameonAugust21st,whenthegeneralsdecidedwe’dattackHill60–indaylightwithnoartillerysupport.Itwaspointless,andwelostmanymen.Thenextattackaweeklaterdestroyedwhatwasleftofus.
Jack Bendon, a very young chap … was as white as a sheet. Jack said, “I’m going to be killed this afternoon.” I said, “A lot of us will be killed.” Just as we went over, he fell behind me dead. Trooper James Rudd
Stretcher-bearers from the Otago Mounted Rifles, Gallipoli, 1915. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (PA1-o-863-01-6)
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Born:Ötaki,1890
Before the warn StudiedatTeAuteCollegeinHawke’sBay,
whereheexcelledatsportsn WorkedforatimeasaclerkinWellington
forParata&Company,afirmoflandagentsandinterpreters
In the warRikihanaCarkeekwasquicktosignupfortheMaoriContingentassoonasthegovernmentallowedMaoritoenlistintheirownunit.
HebeganhismilitarytrainingatAuckland’sAvondaleCamp,wheretheMaoriContingentwasbased.
The men selected to instruct the Maoris were first-class soldiers … possessing unlimited energy and patience … to make the Maori Contingent an efficient and up-to-date fighting machine.
Rikihana Carkeek
Corporal Rikihana Carkeek, between March 1916 and July 1917. Carkeek family collection.
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AccordingtoCarkeek,75percentofthemenatAvondaleCamphadneverbeenthroughmilitarytrainingbefore.
It is remarkable to note that for the first time in New Zealand history did all the tribes unite to fight one common enemy.
TheMaoriContingentlandedonGallipolion3July1915.TheywereputtoworkbuildingtrenchesatNo.1Outpost,soontobenicknamed‘MaoriPah’.
Carkeekusuallycookedforhismates,sometimesmanagingtosupplementthestandardfareofbiscuits,bullybeef,andteawithsteak,bread,andraisins.
On8August1915,Carkeekwasinamachine-gunteamonRhododendronRidge,coveringtheinfantry’sadvanceonChunukBair.Afterhiscommanderandtwootherswereshot,hetookthegun,butwashitthroughtheneck.Hedraggedhimselfalmost5kilometresdowntothebeachandwaseventuallyevacuatedbyhospitalship.Justsixweeksafterbeingwounded,hereturnedtoGallipoli.
Maori Contingent soldiers march at Narrow Neck Military Camp, Auckland. Photographer unknown, Auckland Weekly News, 22 July 1915. Auckland Libraries (Sir George Grey Special Collections, AWNS-19150722-48-5)
The Maori Contingent cleared earth from the mine tunnels at Quinn’s Post. Photograph by James C Read. Alexander Turnbull Library (1/4-058066-F)
Alliedtroopswerewithdrawnthreemonthslater,andCarkeekservedontheWesternFrontintheNewZealand(Maori)PioneerBattalion–arecentlyformedlabourunit.Hespentpartof1918inEngland,trainingtobeanofficer.
After the warCarkeekmarriedPareraukawaAtkinson(AuntyPolly)soonafterarrivinghomeinApril1919.TheyfarmedandraisedafamilyinPictonandtheManawatu,beforereturningtoCarkeek’sbirthplaceofOtakiinthelate1920s.Theylivedthereuntilhisdeathaged73.
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SeCTion Saying goodbye
In this section of the exhibitionn Decisiontoevacuaten Evacuation:Thebigbluffn Maheno:Mercyship
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Bad shapeThingsgotmoredesperateafterChunukBair.We’dlostcountlessmates,thecoldwassettingin,suppliesweren’tgettingthrough,andtheboyswereinbadshape.Therewererumoursofevacuation,butnoonereallybelievedthem.Thetopbrasskeptusinthedark.
FieldMarshalLordKitchener,Britain’sSecretaryofStateforWar,visitedthepeninsulainNovember.Hecametosortoutwhetherweshouldstayorwithdraw.TheAugustoffensivehadfailedmiserably,andJohnnyTurknowhadtheupperhand.Wewerecoldandspent,butpreparedtohangon.
Evacuation: The big bluffOnNovember22nd1915,LordKitchenerrecommendedawithdrawal.Everythingwastopsecret,butrumourswererife.EntirebattalionsleftthroughearlyDecember.Officially,wewerejustcuttingnumbersforwinter.
Officersweren’ttoldabouttheevacuationuntilDecember14th.Webegantomoveoutthenextday,disbelieving,sad,andangry.WhatiftheTurksgotwindofthingsandlaunchedanoutrightslaughter?Tooutfoxthem,wecookedupcunningplans.
Forfivedays,wefooledthemthatAnzacCovewasfullyoccupied–while46,000mensecretlywithdrew.Self-firingrifleswerejustoneofourbluffs.
Devices … were rigged up to fire old and broken rifles hours after the last man had left the trenches. Private Douglas McLean to his father
OurnumbersweresoshrunkenthatiftheTurkshadknownthetruthaboutussneakingoff,theycould’vewipedusallout.
Ghost armyArmyofficialsretrievedwhatevertheycouldofdeadsoldiers’belongings.Someofussalvagedourmates’thingstoo.Weknewhowmuchthey’dmeantolovedones.
By4amonDecember20th,thebeachwascalm,deserted–nomorebustleforAnzacCove,onlythesilentgravesofourmates.
Dr Duncan Stout with one of the self-firing rifles designed to disguise the evacuation of troops, December 1915. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (PAColl-4173-09)
About 4am, we reached the [troopship] Osmanieh and … watched the dark loom of Anzac with its twinkling rifle flashes and bomb bursts … fainter and fainter they grew. We felt a sense of relief and … great sadness … and failure. Major Charles Guy Powles
Learning activities
We did not get many callers, so the visit of Lord Kitchener … started us speculating afresh and making wild conjectures. His visit, needless to say, was very secret. Captain Fred Waite
n WhydoyouthinkKitchener’svisitwaskeptsosecret?
n Whatdidyouthinkwerethemainemotionsthesoldiersfeltabouttheevacuation?Whywouldtheyhavefeltthisway?
n IfyouhadbeenonGallipoliduringthevisitofFieldMarshalLordKitchener,Britain’sSecretaryofStateforWar,wouldyouhaverecommendedanevacuation?Explainyourreasoning.
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Before the warApassengerandcargolinerownedbyTheUnionSteamShipCompany.
In the warEARLY MAY 1915: FirstGallipolicasualtylists
publishedinNewZealand
18 MAY: GovernorLordLiverpoolappealstonationtohelpoutfitashiptoevacuatewounded
New Zealand’s sons, wounded in the great fight for the Empire, need a hospital ship … Now is the time for the people … to translate their words of admiration … into a grateful recognition of that self-sacrifice. The Evening Post
26 MAY: Announcementofrequiredequipment,including1,200featherpillowsand500combs
JuNE: PassengerlinerMahenoconvertedintohospitalship
The ship is beautiful ... An errand of mercy for all you men – and very proud I am to be one of the staff. Staff Nurse Lottie Le Gallais
11 JuLY: MahenodepartsWellingtonwith80nursesonboard
20 AuGuST: MahenodropsoffmostofhernursesinEgypt
25 AuGuST: MahenoanchorsoffAnzacCoveastheBattleofHill60rages
30 AuGuST: MahenodeliversfirstpatientstoGreekislandofLemnos
The Maheno
Wounded soldiers are transferred to a hospital ship, about 1915. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (PA1-o-026-34-9)
A ward on the Maheno before its departure in July 1915. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (1/1-002216-F)
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Learning activities
After the announcement of what was needed for the hospital ship, money and goods streamed in, and the sewing machines started whirring from Whangarei to Bluff. All New Zealand was behind the war effort.
n Doyouthinkthisistrueornot?Whatevidencecanyoufindtosupportyouropinion?
n InSeptember,thefiremenwhoshovelledcoalintotheboilersontheMahenowentonstrikebecauseofpoorworkingconditions.– Doyouthinktheirconditionswould
havebeenworsethanthesoldiers’conditionsonGallipoli?
– Doyouthinkthestrikewasjustified?Whydoyousaythat?
– Shouldsoldiersbeallowedtoprotestagainsttheirconditions?Explainyourviewpoint.
n Howdoyouthinkthepeoplewaitingonthewharfwouldhavefeltuponseeingtheshipcomingintoport?– Doyouthinktheiremotionswould
havebeenthesameasthesoldiers’?– Wouldalloftheemotionshave
beenpositive?
24 SEPTEMBER: Mahenofiremenstrike;Maltesecrewtaketheirplace
17 OCTOBER: MahenodeliverssoldierstohospitalsinSouthampton–Jockthebulldog(Maheno’smascot)jumpsship
11 NOvEMBER: MahenovisitsAnzacCoveforfinaltime
24 NOvEMBER: MahenoleavesEgyptforNewZealand
5 DECEMBER: Marama,asecondhospitalship,departsNewZealand
1 JANuARY 1916:MahenoarrivesinAucklandwith319patients
On the wharf was many a father and mother eagerly scanning the faces on deck, eager to clasp hands with their heroes. The Press
The Maheno drops off patients at Lyttelton, Christchurch, date unknown. Photographer unknown. Courtesy of the Carrington family
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Born:Auckland,1881Died:1956
Before the warn AttendedcountryschoolsaroundAucklandn Graduatedasaregisterednursein1911n JoinednursingstaffatAucklandPublicHospital
In the warn SelectedasanarmynurseinJune1915.n Wasoneof79intheSecondContingentof
NewZealandnurseschosentoserveoverseas,andoneof10Mahenonurses
n Receivedhermemotoreportfordutyon6July,afewdaysbeforethedepartureon11July
n Wrotetoherfuturehusband,Charles‘Sonnie’Gardnerthedaybeforetheshipleft
Things are rapidly getting shipshape. My bunk is looking better now … I got your photo, [with] the silver frame, hung up with string – top end of the bed.’
n AfterarrivinginEgypt,LottiewrotetoSonnieaboutvisitinghospitalsandseeingtheeffectsofthefightingonGallipoli.
Terrible, terrible wounds. The bullets aren’t so bad, but the shrapnel from exploding shells is ghastly. It cuts great gashes, ripping muscles and bones to shreds.
n TwoofLottie’sthreebrothersalsovolunteered.LeddiedepartedinApril1915andwaskilledinJuly.
After the warn Arrivedhomeon
1January1916n Returnedtoworkat
AucklandPublicHospitaln Lookedafterherfathern MarriedCharlesGardner
andhadtwochildren
Lottie Le Gallais, probably at the time she became a registered nurse in 1913 (detail). Photographer unknown. Tämaki Paenga Hira Auckland War Memorial Museum (PH-95-02)
Lottie Le Gallais
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SeCTion Western Front
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After GallipoliAfterevacuatingGallipoli,thefewofusstillfitwerereorganisedintotheNewZealandDivision.WehadmoretraininginEgyptbeforeheadingtoFrancewherewewereinstructedinWesternFronttrenchwarfare.
OnApril25th1916,ourfirstAnzacDay,weplayedfootyinavillageanddranktodeadmates.
On the SommeTheBattleoftheSomme,foughtfromJulytoNovember1916,wasourfirstexperienceoflarge-scaleactioninFrance.WewereonthefrontlineduringSeptemberandOctober.Casualtynumberscameinatover8,000.
We just staggered on through the mud and muddle, the bloodshed and destruction, with no more than a grim hope of survival and an ever more bitter disillusion. Sergeant Cecil Malthus
Almost3,000ofourmenhadbeenkilledonGallipoli.Butthatwasjustthebeginning.NearlyfivetimesthatnumberwoulddieontheWesternFront.ThelosseswouldbefeltbyNewZealandersforgenerations.Thefullscaleofourwarwasimmense.
Learning activitiesn Usingevidenceintheexhibition,
comparetheexperienceofasoldieronGallipoliwiththatofasoldierontheSomme.– Whichdoyouthinksoldierswould
havepreferredandwhy?– Whichenvironmentwouldhave
beenthehardest?n Howmightsoldiershavefeltgoing
directlyfromGallipolitoFrancewithoutreturninghometoseetheirfamilies?– Whatimpactmightthishavehad
onfamilies?– Howhasmoderntechnologyhelped
soldierskeepintouchwiththeirfamilieswhileonlongtoursofduty?
n DoyouthinkthesoldiersmarkedthefirstAnzacDayinanappropriateway?– Howdidtheircommemoration
comparewiththewayAnzacDayismarkednow?
– Doyouagreewithhowitisrecognisedtoday?Shouldwedoanythingdifferently?Whydoyousaythat?
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Born:Timaru,1890Died:1976
Before the warn AttendedCanterburyCollege(nowUniversity)
inChristchurch.In1912,hewasawardedanMA(MasterofArts)inFrenchandEnglish
n WorkedasateacheratNelsonCollege
In the warPrivateCecilMalthusvolunteered10daysafterwarwasdeclared.HedepartedwiththeMainBodyinOctober1914.
It was the duty of every able-bodied man to consider the question of enlisting, and that self-interest would be no excuse for staying at home.
MalthuslandedonGallipolion25April1915.HiscampaignincludedthreestintsatQuinn’sPost,oneofthemostexposedspotsontheAnzacfrontline.Hospitalisedtwiceduetoillness,hewasstillonthepeninsulawhentroopswerewithdrawninDecember.
Cecil Malthus
The Australian trenches at Quinn’s Post, July 1915. Photograph by Charles Bean. Australian War Memorial Museum (G01027)
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Marama: New Zealand hospital ship off the Needles, Isle of Wight, English Channel, 1918, by Frank Barnes. Te Papa (1992-0035-1933)
MalthuswassenttoEgyptandthenontoFrance.Shortlybeforehewentintobattle,hepreparedhissweetheart,HazelWattersfortheworst.
If I am knocked out, don’t worry about it, dear. It is a good life and a good death here.
MalthuswasoneofNewZealand’s6,000Sommecasualties.On24September1916,hewasdeepeningatrenchwhenhisshovelsetoffabomb.Theexplosionshatteredseveraltoesonhisrightfoot.
InDecember1916,Malthuswasdeclaredunfitforactiveservice.HetravelledhomeonthehospitalshipMarama,arrivinginTimaruinMarch1917.Hismissingtoestingledfortherestofhislife.
After the warMalthusandHazelmarriedin1918.TheylivedinFrancefortwoyears,thenTasmaniaforadecade,raisingfivechildren.ThefamilysettledinChristchurchin1934whenMalthusbecameProfessorofModernLanguagesatCanterburyCollege.Hediedin1976.
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4 I always try to get a photo of each of my “homes” and myself with it. I always … make it comfortable.’ Lieutenant Colonel William Malone to his wife, Ida
n WhydoyouthinkMalonewantedtomakehisdugoutshomely?Whatisitaboutyourhomethatmakesithomely?
n Whichdoyouthinkthearmyshouldprioritise–thetransportoflettersorammunition?Whydoyouthinkthis?
5 ThiswastheonlymemberoftheNewZealandExpeditionaryForcetowinaVictoriaCrossfortheiractionsonGallipoli.n DiscoverwhathedidtoreceivetheVictoria
Crossandhowhefeltaboutthisrecognition.Washisviewsharedbyothers?
Learning activities
Sergeant Cyril Bassett, vC, England, 1916. Photographer unknown. Archives New Zealand Te Rua Mahara o te Käwanatanga (AALZ 25044/6 F721)
1 ComparetheAnzacs’arrivalonGallipoliinApril1915withtheirevacuationinDecember1915.Possiblepointstoconsider:n Casualtyratesn Organisationn Feelingsofthesoldiers
2 Atfirst,Britain’sleaderssawWorldWarIasa‘whiteman’swar’.Theideaof‘natives’fightingtogetheragainstEuropeansmadesomeofthemnervous.ButMaoriparliamentarianPeterBuck(NgatiMutungatribe)urgedtheNewZealandgovernment:
‘We are old New Zealanders. No division can be truly called a New Zealand division unless it numbers Maoris across its ranks.’
n DidallMaoriwanttofight?Whatevidencesupportsorcontradictsthisidea?
3 Wegotwoollensfromhometoo.FredCrumwaschuffedwithhisbalaclava:
I can’t believe Nan made it. It’s A1 and fits like a glove. There’s very little face showing … I’ve got Mrs Ashton’s socks on and they’re lovely.
n Whatdoyouthinkitmeanttothesoldierstoreceivethingsfromhome?
n Discussthestatement‘Lettersfromhomeareasimportantasammunitioninfightingthewar.’Explainyourpointofview.
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6 Our soldiers have fallen far from home, fighting gallantly … and deserve that a gallant foe, such as we have found the Turkish soldiers to be, should take care of their last resting place.
ApleawrittenbytheAnzaccommander,LieutenantGeneralGodley,totheTurkishcommanderandleftinhisdugoutonevacuation,1915
n IfyouweretheTurkishcommander,howwouldyouhavefeltonfindingthismessage?Howwoulditstonehaveaffectedyourdecisions?
7 Nearly20yearslater,KemalAtatürk(whohadbythenfoundedtheTurkishrepublic)spokethesewords:
Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives … are now lying in the soil of a friendly country … and are in peace … They have become our sons as well.
n WhatdoyouthinkGallipoliveteransandtheirfamilieswouldhavefeltaboutthisstatement?
n HowweretheTurksinvolvedinWorldWarII?DoyouthinktheirdecisionswereinfluencedbyWorldWarI?
How are you connected to a person affected by Gallipoli? They could be a soldier, a mother, or a child whose father went
off to war. Consider what connections you have with this person.
1
2
3
4
5
You Person in 1915 affected by Gallipoli
PlaceValues
FamilyFamily
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Loyal colonyAsthe20thcenturydawned,NewZealandwasaloyalcolonyoftheBritishEmpire–themostpowerfulintheworld.MostPäkehästillconsideredEngland‘home’.
New Zealand’s growing sense of identityDespiteNewZealanders’loyaltytotheQueenandEmpire,theywerebeginningtoseethemselvesasdistinctfromtheBritish–andfromAustralians.In1901,NewZealandchosetoremainseparatefromAustralia.
Slice of Heaven exhibition
HMS New Zealand – a costly giftThebattlecruiserHMSNew ZealandwastheDominion’scostlygifttoBritain,deliveredin1912.TheshipdemonstratedNewZealand’scontinuingcommitmenttotheEmpire.Withoutitsownnavy,NewZealanddependedonBritain’s.Thenewship’s‘thankyou’visittoNewZealandin1913inspiredpatrioticfervour–andmoreexpensivegifts.
Slice of HeaventellsthebigstoriesfromNewZealand’s20th-centuryhistory,includingtherolethenationplayedinWorldWarI.
Explore the exhibition’s online resources, including images, and video clipswww.tepapa.govt.nz/sliceofheaven
Model of the battlecruiser HMS New Zealand, 1955–59, made by T M Devitt. Gift of the Wellington Marine Model Club, 1959. Te Papa (NS000038)
World War IWorldWarIbeganforNewZealandwhenBritain’sKingGeorgeVdeclaredwaronGermanyandAustria-Hungaryin1914.AfaithfulBritishdominion,NewZealandrespondedwhendutycalled.
MostNewZealanderseagerlysupported‘mothercountry’Britain,butnotwithoutacost.Some18,000NewZealanderswerekilled–abouttwothirdsontheWesternFrontand2,700atGallipoli,Turkey.
Failed Gallipoli campaignAstheconflictdevelopedandTurkeyenteredthewar,thehorrendouscostofWorldWarIstartedtohithome.Conditionsonthefrontlineswerehellish.ThefailedGallipolicampaigninTurkeyclaimedabout2,700NewZealandlives.
Jack Langley Braddock, 1917. Photograph by Berry & Co. Te Papa (B.044363)
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ConscriptionBy1916,twoyearsintothewar,thenumbersofvolunteerswerenolongerkeepingpacewiththelosses.Asaresult,thegovernmentintroducedconscription(compulsorymilitaryservice).
Ballot box, 1916, maker unknown. Gift of the New Zealand Immigration Service, 1989. Te Papa (GH003641)
Maori participationMaoriwereinitiallyexcludedfromvolunteeringbecausethegovernmentconsideredtheconflicta‘whiteman’swar’andnotfor‘natives’.WhenMaoriwerepermittedtojoin,largenumbersdidso.
Butsomeiwi(tribes)didnotsupportthewar.Tainui,whosefertileWaikatolandtheCrownhadconfiscatedinthe1860s,refusedtotakepart.In1917,Tainuimenweresingledoutforconscription.Otheriwihad‘donetheirbit’voluntarily,thegovernmentargued.
ManyTainuiwhoresistedwereimprisoned.
Western FrontTheslaughterontheWesternFrontwasmuchgreaterthanthatonGallipoli.ThisbattlelinebetweentheGermanandAlliedarmiesstretchedacrossBelgiumandFranceforabout750kilometres.Morethan12,000NewZealandersdiedthere–morethan800inasingledayatPasschendaele,Belgium,on12October1917.
End of World War I (the Great War)ThewarwithGermanyofficiallyendedon28June1919,whentheTreatyofVersailleswassigned.
About18,000NewZealandershadbeenkilled–twothirdsontheWesternFront.Morethan100,000NewZealanders(atenthofthepopulation)hadservedoverseas,including2,227Maoriand458PacificmenintheMaoriPioneerBattalion.Maorihadalsoservedinotherbattalions.
Thegovernmentofferedrehabilitationprogrammesandcheaplandtohelpreturnedservicemen.Maorigroupsthathadfundraisedfortheirmenduringthewarcontinuedtoassistthemwhentheyreturned.
1918 influenza pandemicNewZealandwasreelingfromtheeffectsofthe1918influenzapandemicwhenthewar’ssurvivorsreturned.Thepandemicclaimedabout8,000NewZealandlives,ontopofthoselostinthewar.
Lottery of deathConscriptionbecameknownas‘thelotteryofdeath’.Thisballotboxwasfilledwithnumberedmarbles,matchingnumbersonmen’senrolmentcards.Ifyournumberscameupandyouwerejudgedmedicallyfit,youwereinthearmy.
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ACTIvITY ➊: Quick quizStudentscoulddothisquizbeforetheycometotheexhibition,oruseitasastartingpointwhentheyarrive.
1 WhendidWorldWarIstart?
2 WhendidWorldWarIend?
3 NametwocountriesthatwerealliesofNewZealand.
4 NametwocountriesthatwereenemiesofNewZealand.
5 Trueorfalse?WorldWarIwasalsoknownasthe‘GreatWar’.
ACTIvITY ➋: Facts and figuresGiveyourstudentscards(copypage39)withthefollowingnumbersonthemandaskthemtodiscover,byexploringSlice of Heaven,whatthenumbersrepresent.n 800n 100,000+n 31,538n 2,700n 458n 8,000n 2,227n 750
Learning activities to use inSlice of HeavenTheseactivitiesaredesignedtobeprintedoutandusedintheexhibitions.
ACTIvITY ➌: QuotesGiveyourstudentscards(copypage40)featuringquotesfromSlice of Heaven.Havethemworkindividuallyorinsmallgroupsto:
n findoutwhosaidthequote,orwhothequoterefersto
n discusswhetherthatquotedpersonwasfororagainstWorldWarI
n discusswhetherthequoteisstillrelevanttoday.Coulditbeappliedtoanyrecentconflicts?
‘TheBritishflagisourprotection;withoutbelongingtotheEmpirewherewouldNewZealandbe?’
‘Bloodwasshed,spilt,andscatteredinadistantland.’
‘Letthosewhocomeafterseetoitthathisnamebenotforgotten.’
‘WedistantsonsdesiretoprovetotheworldhowdeartousisBritain’snameandgreatness.’
‘Iwonderthatanysanepersonwhoknowsthedestruction,thedegradation,themisery,andthesorrowcausedbythewarcanregarditasanythingelsethandiabolicalintheextreme.’
Afterthevisit,studentscanusethequotesasinspirationfor:– adescriptivepieceofwritingthatexpressestheir
feelingsaboutWorldWarI– anartworkthatexpressestheirfeelingsabout
WorldWarI
ACTIvITY ➍: EvidenceGiveyourstudentscardswiththisstatement:‘NewZealandwasveryloyaltoBritain.’Havethemexploretheexhibitionandprovidethreepiecesofevidencetosupportit.
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800
100,000+
31,538
2,700
458
8,000
2,227
750
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The British flag is our protection; without belonging to the Empire
where would New Zealand be?
Blood was shed, spilt, and scattered in a distant land.
Let those who come after see to it that his name be not forgotten.
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We distant sons desire to prove to the world how dear to us is Britain’s
name and greatness.
I wonder that any sane person who knows the destruction, the degradation, the misery, and the sorrow caused by the war can regard it as anything else than
diabolical in the extreme.
Provide three pieces of evidence to support the statement: ‘New Zealand
was very loyal to Britain.’
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Quick quiz1. Whendidthewarstart?4August19142. Whendidthewarend?11November1918
WorldWarIofficiallyendedwhentheTreatyofVersailleswassignedon28June1919.TheArmistice(truce)thatbroughtthefightingtoanendwassignedon11November1918.
3. NametwocountriesthatwerealliesofNewZealand.
France,Britain,Ireland,Australia,Italy4. Nametwocountriesthatwereenemiesof
NewZealand. Germany,Austria-Hungary,Turkey,Bulgaria5. TrueorFalse?WorldWarIwasalsoknown
asthe‘GreatWar’.True
Facts and figuresn 31,538:IDnumberofPrivateHermanRolfesfrom
Kaiköura,whodiedjustbeforetheendofthewarn 2,700:NumberofNewZealandsoldierswhodied
onGallipolin 800:NumberofNewZealandsoldierswhodied
inasingledayatPasschendaele,Belgium,on12October1917
n 2,227:NumberofMaorisoldierswhofoughtinWorldWarI
n 458:NumberofPacificmenwhofoughtinWorldWarI
n 750:LengthinkilometresoftheWesternFrontbattleline
n 8,000:NumberofNewZealanderswhodiedintheglobalinfluenzaoutbreakattheendof1918
n 10,000+:NumberofNewZealanderssentoverseasduringWorldWarI
Quotes:n ‘Iwonderthat...’ArchibaldBaxtern ‘Letthosewhocomeafter...’PrivateHerman
JohnRolfesn ‘Bloodwasshed…’SirÄpiranaNgatan ‘Wedistantsons...’SirJosephWardn ‘TheBritishflag...’SirRichardSeddon
EvidenceProvidethreepiecesofevidencethatsupportthestatement:
‘NewZealandwasveryloyaltoBritain.’
Anyofthefollowing:
n Quotesn HMS New Zealandn Kettledrumn MourninginresponsetoQueenVictoria’sdeathn ResponsetothePrinceofWales’visitto
NewZealandin1920n Warfundraisingefforts
Answers
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Further resourcesOnlinen The National Library’s WWI resources for schools
http://schools.natlib.govt.nz/multimedia/new-zealand-involvement-first-world-warn Berry Boys photographic portraits of WWI soldiers
http://sites.tepapa.govt.nz/berryboysn WW100 – New Zealand’s WWI centenary events and resources
http://ww100.govt.nz/n WWI on nzhistory.net
http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/war/first-world-warn Rehabilitation of returned WWI soldiers, Te Papa
http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/Topic/818n WWI posters at Te Papa
http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/SiteCollectionDocuments/TePapaPress/Tuhinga23Gibson.pdfn Life 100 years ago – Twitter feed
https://twitter.com/life100yearsagon All That Remains – WWI objects from New Zealand museums
http://allthatremains.net.nz/n WWI-related videos on Tales From Te Papa
http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/topic/2299n History-related media on Te Papa’s Channel
http://channel.tepapa.govt.nz/category/history/
BooksHoldingontoHome:NewZealandStoriesandObjectsoftheFirstWorldWarBerryBoys:PortraitsofFirstWorldWarSoldiersandFamilies
explore World War i – a long-term approachGallipoli: The scale of our warispartofawiderprogrammecalledConflictandIdentity.Thisisa4-year,multi-disciplinaryprogrammeofresearch,discussion,andreflectiononthedynamicsofconflictanditsimpactonidentityinAotearoaNewZealand.
Theprogrammeincludesexhibitions,publications(printandonline),blogsanddiscussions,communityactivities,educationprogrammes,andeventsforteachers.Itreflectsfourkeythemes:
n NewZealandatwar n Negotiationandreconciliationn Protestandreform n Conflictandtheeveryday
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Made possible by generous support of
Developed by the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa working closely with Weta Workshop
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