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DOE Energy Storage Systems Research Program Annual Peer Review
Jim Arseneaux Director-Flywheel ProjectsBeacon Power Corporation
Flywheel-based Frequency Regulation Demonstration Projects for CEC, NYSERDA, & DOE
Imre GyukProgram ManagerEnergy Storage ResearchDepartment of Energy
Garth CoreyPrincipal Member of Technical Staff Energy Storage System ProgramSandia National Laboratories
November 2-3Washington, DC
Georgianne PeekProject Manager Energy Infrastructure & DE ResourcesSandia National Laboratories
Mike GravelyProgram ManagerCEC
Joe SayerProgram ManagerNYSERDA
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Contents• Project Background:
• Objectives of the Demonstration Projects• Project Teams• System Operation• System Hardware• Demo Schematic• Communication and Control Schematics• User Interfaces
• Test Results:• Initial Acceptance Test• System Response Time• Slam Test• Typical Daily Response to Signals• Daily Performance Summary• Monthly Performance Summary• Reactive Power Response• Summary of Test Results• Status vs. Objectives
• Flywheel Product Development Status
• Other Applications for Flywheel Technology
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Objectives of Demonstration Projects
• Proof of concept on ~1/10th power scale• Show ability to follow fast-changing frequency regulation
signals• Demonstrate anti-islanding• Validate interconnection capability
(NYSERDA on end of line - CEC at substation)• Demonstrate performance and economic value• Develop and demonstrate communications with grid operators• Demonstrate reactive power compensation (NYSERDA only)• Collect data for product specifications• Gain industry confidence• Report results to the industry
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CEC CAISO
DUITProgram
Connected Energy
PG&E
• ISO procedures • AGC signal requirements• System Impacts / Benefits• Dave Hawkins• Yuri Makarov
Funding Source – Pramod KulkarniMike Gravely
• Data requirements• Garth Corey
• Manage Test Site• Integrate with PG&E• Susan Horgan
Host Utility
• Prime Contractor / Oversight • FESS System Integration• Control Development• Project Leader - Jim Arseneaux• Contract Officer – Larry Schmidt
Sandia Labs
• Integrate Low Cost Dispatch System with CAISO• Supply Dispatch Control Hardware• Thomas Yeh
• Data Analysis• Doug Dorr
EPRI Solutions
• Economic Analysis• Jim Eyer
Beacon Power
DUA
• Imre Gyuk
DOE
DUA
CEC Project Team
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NYSERDA NYISO
Connected Energy National Grid
• ISO procedures • AGC signal requirements• System Impacts / Benefits• Dave Lawrence
•Funding Source – Joe Sayer•Advisory Board:
•Jim Harvilla NYSEG•Pat Maher NYS PSC
• Data requirements• Georgianne Peek
• Manage Test Site• Jerry Meehan
•Niagara Mohawk – local utility •John Bzura
• Prime Contractor / Oversight • FESS System Integration• Control Development• Project Leader - Jim Arseneaux
Sandia Labs
• Integrate Low Cost Dispatch System with NYISO• Supply Dispatch Control Hardware• Steve Heinzelman
• Data Analysis• Erich Gunther•Jeff Lameree
EnerNex Beacon Power
Power & Composite Technologies
• Imre Gyuk
DOE
NYSERDA Project Team
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System Operation
Smart Energy Matrix (SEM)
Signal from ISO
Injects or absorbs power to/from the grid in accordance with ISO signal
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Regulation Using Generator vs. Energy Storage
100 MW Generator Set at 90 MW with 5 MW Regulation
Energy Storage providing 5 MW of Regulation
• Generator varies output• Decreases efficiency• Increases emissions
• Flywheel recycles energy• High round trip efficiency• Zero emissions
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
12:00 AM 6:00 AM 12:00 PM 6:00 PM 12:00 AM
Time of Day
MW
to
Grid
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Outside View of System
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Inside View of System
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Demo Schematic
Flywheels
15 kW Bi-directional Inverters
-Chiller-Power for M.C.-Lights
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Data Communication Topology
TCP/IP RS232
WCC
Router
Internet
Internet
Connected EnergyData Center
VLANConnection
Sandia/EPRI-Solutions
User
User
Shark 100 Energy Meter
CAISO
• Regulation signal• LabVIEW Traffic• Master Controller Linux access
Beacon
Master Controller
Firewall
Dranetz High speed DAS
Beckwith M-34210A Protective Relay
Static I/P Address 1
Static I/P Address 2
Manual ShutoffMain Contactor
Connected Energy Box
24 v
7 FW’sEthernetSwitch
DUIT DAS
Summary Data
Raw FlywheelSystem Data
PG&E Network
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Control Signal Schematic (CEC)
Control Algorithm based on Yuri Makarov Analysis
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Regulation Signal Generated from Frequency (NYSERDA)
Start
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System Graphic User Interface
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Flywheel Graphical User Interface
Remote Monitoring and Control of Flywheel and System Parameters
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Test Results
• Initial Acceptance Test• System Response Time• Slam Test• Typical Daily Response to Signals• Daily Performance Summary• Monthly Performance Summary• Reactive Power Response• Summary of Test Results• Status vs. Objectives
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Acceptance Test Data
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System Response Time
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
590 592 594 596 598 600 602 604 606
Seconds
Reg SignalRegulation Effect
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1300 1310 1320 1330 1340 1350 1360 1370 1380 1390 1400
S d
KW
Reg SignalRegulation Effect
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
KW
Reg SignalRegulation Effect
Time ATime B
Time E Time F
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Results – Slam Test
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Typical CEC Response(August 2, 2006)
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Typical NYSERDA ResponseSept 28, 2006
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Monthly Performance Summary(CEC - Aug 2006)
CEC Run Data Monthly Summary Sheet Date: August, 2006Beacon Power Proprietary Information
Percent HoursFREQUENCY REGULATION 86% 20.5 20.54
DAILY SUMMARY ENERGY DEPLETED 1% 0.3 0.35SCHEDULED OFFLINE 12% 2.9 2.94UNSCHED. OFFLINE 1% 0.2 0.17
Total 100% 24.0Availability = Freq Reg / 24 Hrs minus Scheduled Offline Hrs 97.6%
Deviation Excluding Depleted Time 2.2%Deviation Including Deplete Time 3.1%Injection Signal [kWh] #VALUE!Injection Actual [kWh] #VALUE!% #VALUE!Absorbed Signal [kWh] #VALUE!Absorbed Actual [kWh] #VALUE!% #VALUE!Injection Signal [kWh] #VALUE!Injection Actual [kWh] #VALUE!% #VALUE!Absorbed Signal [kWh] #VALUE!Absorbed Actual [kWh] #VALUE!% #VALUE!Setpoint Energy [kWh] #REF!Absorbed Load Bank [kWh] #REF!Absorbed FW System #VALUE!
Distribution of Energy
ON-LINE PERFORMANCE
Frequency Regulation Provided
Net Energy Exchanged
FREQUENCY REGULATIONENERGY DEPLETEDSCHEDULED OFFLINEUNSCHED. OFFLINE
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Monthly Performance Details (CEC - Sept 2006)
System online 20+ hours per day. Majority (>90%) of offline time is scheduled. Deviation from signal less than 4%.
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Reactive Power Response (NYSERDA)
Phasor diagram at 50KW with and without reactive power (inductive)
50KW charge, 50KVAR, PF= 0.47250KW
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Test Results Summary
• System has been operating for over a year with only two scheduled system shutdowns
• Testing successfully characterizing flywheel response to fast acting regulation signals
• System reliability being validated– Startup / quality items encountered and being addresses as they occur
– Flywheel reliability has been excellent with only two minors issues addressed on site
– Lessons from demo system being used to improve design and reliability of the product system
• No technical barriers identified to product introduction.
• Final phase should focus on establishing a signal that can be used for product introduction and identify associated economic value.
• CEC system has been operating for over a year with only two scheduled system shutdowns. NYSERDA since February also with two shutdowns.
• Testing successfully characterizing flywheel response to fast-acting regulation signals
• System reliability being validated– Startup / quality issues encountered and addressed as they occur
– Flywheel reliability has been excellent with two minor issues addressed on site
– Lessons from demo systems being used to improve design and reliability of the full-power system under development for 2007
• No technical barriers to product introduction have been identified
• Final phase should focus on establishing a signal that can be used for full-power product introduction and identify associated economic value
Performance testing nearing completion. No technical barriers identified. Lessons being incorporated in product design.
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Objective StatusProof of concept on ~1/10th power scale 100kW demonstrated vs. 1 MW (or greater) product
Show ability to follow fast-changing frequency regulation signals
Response time of 4 seconds demonstrated (see data)
Demonstrate anti-islanding Complete - using standard Beckwith relay
Validate interconnection capability Connected to grid with no adverse impact
Demonstrate performance and economic value
System performance demonstrated. Economic value analysis being worked with ISOs.
Develop and demonstrate communications with grid operators
All communications systems working
Collect data for product specifications Data being collected and summarized. Lessons from demo being reflected in the full-power system under development.
Report results - gain industry confidence Site demonstrations to key stakeholders. Data being distributed.
Status vs. Objectives
Programs on schedule to meet all objectives
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Beacon Flywheel Product Evolution
Gen 1Telecom
2 kWh / 1 kW
2000
Gen 2Telecom
6 kWh / 2 kW
2001
• Telecom applications
• Over 500,000 hours of operation
Gen 3Grid
6 kWh / 15 kW
2004
2005
100kW demonstration unit
2007
1st MW operational in commercial service
Gen 4Grid
25 kWh / 100 kW
2006
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Gen 4 - 25kWh/100kW Flywheel Hardware
Rim
Housing
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Gen 4 - 25kWh/100kW Flywheel
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Related Applications
• Other potential applications being considered for flywheel technology– Mitigation of grid angular instability
– Reactive power injection / absorption
– Renewable ramp mitigation
– UPS
– Peak power
– Micro-grid power regulation
– Renewable energy integration