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Frequency/Space Diagram
Fiber Node A
Fiber Node B
Fiber Node C
Fiber Node D
df1 uf1 uf2
Columns indicate frequenciesBars indicate channels
D0
D1
U0
U3
U4
U7
U2
U5
U6
U1
D0
D1
U0
U1
U2
U3
U4
U5
U6
U7
df1
Fiber Node A
Fiber Node B
Fiber Node C
Fiber Node D
CMTS
2:8
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Peak vs. Average Bandwidth
Peak: 144 Mbps/FNAvg: 18 Mbps/FN
Peak: 144 Mbps/FNAvg: 36 Mbps/FN
Peak: 144 Mbps/FNAvg: 144 Mbps/FN
Fiber Node 5Fiber Node 6
Fiber Node 7
Fiber Node 8
Fiber Node 1
Fiber Node 2
Fiber Node 3
Fiber Node 4
df1 df2 df3 df4
Fiber Node 5Fiber Node 6
Fiber Node 7
Fiber Node 8
Fiber Node 1
Fiber Node 2
Fiber Node 3
Fiber Node 4
df1 df2 df3 df4
Fiber Node 5Fiber Node 6
Fiber Node 7
Fiber Node 8
Fiber Node 1
Fiber Node 2
Fiber Node 3
Fiber Node 4
df1 df2 df3 df4
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DS Channel Bonding Data Transmission
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Channel Bonding Packet
Transmission
271213
46916
181015
351114
Jitter due to queuing and other factors
Packet delivery time relationship on HFC plant
Realignment of
packets wi thin the CM
Data packets on GE for the CM
12341234 GE
CMTS
2x8
U1U0
U3U2
U5U4
U7U6
D1
D0
CMTS
2x8
U1
U0
U3U2
U5U4
U7U6
D1
D0
CMTS
2:8
Slot 1
CMTS2:8
Slot 2
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Downstream Service Identifier
(DSID)
DSID DSID DSID
DSID DSID DSID
DSID DSID DSID
DSID DSID DSID
DSID is used by the CMTS and CM to identifypackets of the same flow, where these packets
are transmitted across multiple downstreams.
CMTS2x8
U1
U0
U3U2
U5U4
U7U6
D1
D0
CMTS2x8
U1U0
U3U2
U5U4
U7U6
D1
D0
1234 GE
CMTS2:8
Slot 1
CMTS
2:8
Slot 2
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DSID
DSID is a 20-bit value in a DOCSIS extended header
that identifies a stream of packets
DSID is unique per MAC Domain
DSID can represent:
One or more Service Flows to a single CM
All Service Flows to a CMA IP Multicast Session to multiple CMs
Sequence Number may or may not be present
Bonded HSD present
Bonded or Non-Bonded Voice not present
Non-Bonded Multicast not present
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Sequence Number
P2
P1
P3
Distribution
CM
P2
P1
P3
CMTS
Resequencing
Sequencing
DBG: D1 D2 D3
The CMTS marks HSD bonded
packets with a packet
sequence number
The CMTS distributes a streamof downstream packets to a set
of channels; Bonding Group
(BG)
Bonded packets may arrive at
the CM out of sequence order
The CM resequencesbonded packets and transmitsthem in packet sequenceorder.
P1
1
P22
P3
3
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Sequence Number
Bonded packets will be given a sequence number (inthe extended header) by the scheduler
Within any single downstream the packets must betransmitted in order
Due to queuing delays for each DS channel, packetsmay arrive out of orderat the CM
CM must be able to collect and re-order packets
Limit on how long a CM must buffer packets
Packet sequence counter maintained by the CM and
CMTS
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Rapid Packet Loss Detection
The CMTS MUST transmit packets for the same DSID in increasing
order on a downstream channel.
1 24 5
3
CM
DS1/RC1 DS2/RC2 DS3/RC3
As soon as the CM receives sequence number 6 on RC3, it knows that
3 has been lost.
The CM doesnt wait for a resequencing wait time.
6
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D3.0 Downstream Service EHDRs
Type Len=3
Bonded/Non-sequenced
Downstream
Service EHDR
DOCSIS
HDRDA SA
Eth
type Eth Data FCS
DOCSIS Packet
Type Len=5
Sequence
Number
BPI EHDR
Bonded/Sequence
Downstream
Service EHDR
pripri
Type Len=1
pri
Downstream
Service ID
(DSID)
r s
Downstream
Service ID
(DSID)
res
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DS Channel Types
Primary-Capable Downstream (CMTS perspective)
Any downstream channel on which SYNC messages are
periodically transmitted
A downstream channel that is configured as part of a bondinggroup and has upstreams bound to it
Upstreams are not shutdown
Primary Downstream Channel (CM perspective)
Channel on which the CM receives all DOCSIS managementmessages
Channel on which the CM registers
Bonding modem may have only one primary downstream
channel
A bonding modem's upstream channel and its primary
downstream channel must be within the same MAC domain
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DS Channel Types
Non-primary Capable Downstream Channel
Also called a secondary channel
Sync messages are not transmitted on non-primary DS channels
CMs can not register on Non-primary channels
A downstream channel that is a member of a
bonding group that does not have upstreams
bound to it
For example, a 2x8 card configured as a 1x8 would have
one downstream (the second downstream) without anyupstreams bound to it.
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Primary Downstream Channels
D1
D3
D2
D4
U1 U2
D2.0 D3.0 D3.0D2.0
SYNCs, MAPs, UCDs, MDDs
SYNCs, MAPs, UCDs, MDDs
MAPs, UCDs, MDDs
MAPs, UCDs, MDDs
MD-SG1
Primary Capable Channel is a DS configured to send SYNCs.
D1 & D2 Primary Channel of a CM is the DS on which it receives SYNCs.
Non-Primary DS Channel is a DS which does not send SYNCs
D3 & D4
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Service Group Service Group (SG) the complete set of upstream and
downstream channels that can provide service to asingle subscriber device. This includes channels fromdifferent DOCSIS MAC Domains and even different
CMTSs Cable Modem Service Group (CM-SG) The complete set
of downstream and upstream channels within a singleCMTS that a single cable modem can receive or
transmit on Downstream Service Group (DS-SG) The complete setof CMTS downstream channels that may be received bya single CM Used for tier service separation, channel bonding and load
balancing
Upstream Service Group (UP-SG) The complete set ofupstream channels in a CMTS that may receive thetransmissions of a single CM
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MAC Domain Service Group
MD-CM-SG (MAC Domain Cable Modem Service Group) The set of channels in a MAC Domain that reach a particular cable
modem
MD-DS-SG (MAC Domain Downstream Service Group) Refers to the set of downstream channels from the same MAC
Domain that reaches a CM/fiber node
MD-DS-SG-ID (MAC Domain Downstream Service Group
Identifier) This is an 8-bit field Identifier of the MAC Domain Downstream Service Group
MD-US-SG (MAC Domain Upstream Service Group) Refers to the set of upstream channels from the same MAC Domain
that is reached by a single CM
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How D3.0 Bonded Modem Registers
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MAC Domain Descriptor Message
(MDD)
Message advertises topology initialization
parameters Sent periodically on every downstream channel
in the MAC domain
mdd-interval ranges from 0 to 2000 msec
0 value disable sending MDD message on the DS
Default -> 2000
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MAC Domain Descriptor Message
(MDD)
MAC Management Message Header
ConfigurationChange Count DownstreamChannel ID
TLV Encoded Information for
Downstream Active Channel List
Number
of Fragmts FragmentSequence Num
TLV Encoded Information for
MAC Domain Downstream Service Group
Other TLVs
Downstream
channel ID on
which the message
is being sent
For each channel being
defined in the MAC Domain:
Downstream channel ID
Frequency
Modulation and annex
(ex: 256QAM/Annex B)
For each channel being
defined in the MAC Domain:
MD-DS-SG ID
ID of other DS that are partof this MD-DS-SG
And more
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RCP and RCC
Receive Channel Profile (RCP) TLV encodings that represent the CM receive channels and
receive modules CL defines 6 standard profiles
Three 6 MHz
Three 8 MHz
Non standard profiles
Receive Channel Configuration (RCC) Profile selected by the CMTS (center frequency)
May be a subset of the advertised profile Returned by the CMTS in the registration response
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RC & RM
RC Receive Channel: Refers to the component of a Cable Modem thatreceives a single Downstream Channel on a single center frequency.
RM Receive Module: Refers to the component of a Cable Modemphysical layer implementation shared by multiple Receive Channels.
RC RC RC RCCM
RM
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Bonded CM Registration
Finding the Downstream
The bonding CM will activate only one of its
receivers to scan the downstream
The bonding CM will lock on the primary
downstream and use the MAC Domain
Descriptor (MDD) message to discover thebonding groups that are available
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Ranging with a Bonded Modem
B-INIT-RNG-REQ: used by a downstream
channel bonded cable modem to rangeIncludes the MD-DS-SG-ID from the
downstream serving group resolution
Only sent if the DS contains MDD messages
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Registration Request/Response
CM sends a REG-REQ-MP if the DS contains MDD
messages
REG-REQ-MP: advertise the CM downstream bonding
capabilities:
RCP encodings
If the CM sent a REG-REQ-MP message, the CMTS
responds with a REG-RSP-MP message
REG-RSP-MP: the CMTS configures the CM's physical
layer components to specific downstream frequencies
RCC encodings If there are no BGs that matches the CMs RCPs, the
CMTS wil l not include a RCC into the REG-RSP-MP
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Registration Completed
CM will use the RCC information in the REG-RSP
message to tune the remaining receivers to achieve
sync/lock on the other bonded downstreams
If no RCC is present in the REG-RSP the CM will complete
registration as a non-bonding CM
Once the CM has achieved sync/lock on all secondary
receivers it will send the reg-ack to the CMTS If the CM fails to achieve sync/lock on all receivers the
CM enters into partial service mode
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MD-DS-SG & DBG SelectionFiber Node Config
MD-DS-SG
CMTS will send theMD-DS-SG(s) in the MDD
CM uses the MDD to selectthe MD-DS-SG-ID
CM sends MD-DS-SG-ID inthe B-INIT-RNG-REQ
CMTS uses the RCPs toselect RCC and the DBG
*CMTS will select thelargest possible DBG
CM sends RCPs in the
REG-REQ-MP: RCP1,RCP2
CMTS will send the selected RCC
in the REG-RSP-MP CM uses the RCC to configthe RC & RM
Also, the CMTS will sendthe DSID for the DS SF in
the REG-RSP-MP
CM assigns theDSID to the SF
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DOCSIS 3.0 CM Initialization OverviewCMTS
CM sends Initial Maintenance (IM)
ranging req with MD-DS-SG-ID
CM provides Receive Channel
Profiles (RCPs) to CMTS
CMTS selects one of the RCPs and
assigns a Receive Channel
Configuration (RCC) of it to the
CM.
CM confirms it has received the
proper DCID on ds frequencies.
CM determines i ts MD-DS-SG-ID
from MDDs on candidate primary
DC and secondary f requencies
If no upstream ambiguity, CMTS
can select MD-CM-SG from UC
SYNCs
UCDs-U1, UCDs-U2, UCDs-U3
MAPs-U1, MAPs-U2, MAPs-U3
D1 D2 U1 U2 U3
CM
B-INIT-RNG-REQ: D1, U1, MD-DS-SG-ID
REG-REQ-MP: RCP1, RCP2,
REG-RSP-MP: RCC1[from RCP1].
B-INIT-RNG-RSP
D3
REG-ACK
MDD: this=D1
MDD: this=D2