March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 1
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: [NICT Indoor 60 GHz Channel Measurements and Analysis update]Date Submitted: [7 March 2006]Source: [Z. Krusevac, S. Krusevac, A. Gupta, T. Pollock, D. Miniutti, C. Liu, E. Skafidas] Company [National ICT Australia Limited]Address [Level 2, 216 Northbourne Ave, Canberra, ACT 2602, Australia]Voice:[+61 2 6125 3797], FAX: [+61 2 6230 6121], E-Mail:[[email protected]]Source: [Hirokazu Sawada, Chang-Soon Choi, Yozo Shoji, Hiroyo Ogawa] Company [National Institute of Information and Communications Technology]Address [3-4, Hikarino-Oka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 239-0847, Japan]Voice:[+81.46.847.5096], FAX: [+81.46.847.5079], E-Mail:[[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]] Re: [Response to the TG3c channel model subgroup call for channel models]Abstract: [Analysis of the NICT data for proposed 60 GHz Channel Model ref 15-06-0103-00]
Purpose: [Contribution to 802.15 TG3c at March 2006 meeting in Denver, USA]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 2
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Purpose
• Channel model sub-committee requires a common channel model for evaluation of PHY layer proposals
• Bulk of proposed applications require directional antennas
• Committee needs a model with AoA
Require a measurement campaign to:• Determine an appropriate channel model with AoA• Determine the set of parameters that accurately
describes the 60 GHz channel for indoor situations
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Recall: Proposed Channel Modelref: 15-06-0103-00
S-V Model with AoA extension11
, , ,0 0
( , ) ( , )lKL
k l l k l l k ll k
h t t T
L = number of clusters;Kl = number of multipath components (number of rays) in the l-th cluster; = multipath gain coefficient of the k-th ray in the l-th cluster;Tl = arrival time of the first ray of the l-th cluster;k,l = delay of the k-th ray within the l-th cluster relative to the first path arrival time, Tl;
= mean angle of arrival of l-th cluster; = angle of arrival of the k-th ray within the l-th cluster.
,k l
l,k l
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 4
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Recall: Model Parameters
l cluster arrival rate
l ray arrival rate
cluster decay factor
ray decay factor
, , … multipath gain distribution factor(s)
AoA distribution standard deviation
1 2
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
NICT AoA Channel Measurementsref: 15-06-0012-01
• LOS Residential and NLOS Office environments
• Polarization: Vertical• Antenna height: 1.1m• Antenna separation: 3m(home), 10m(office)• Tx antenna: always fixed• Rx antenna: rotated from 0 to 360 degree in 5
degree steps
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 6
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Equipment
3.75 MHz7.5 MHzFrequency step
128Times of average
266.7 ns133.3 nsMax. excess delay
801401No. frequency points
19.1cmDistance resolution
0.25 nsTime resolution
3 GHzBandwidth
62.5 GHzCenter frequency
OfficeResidentialEnvironment
Using Vector Network Analyzer HP8510C
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 7
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Residential Environment (LOS)
• Living room without fixtures (LOS)• Surface of a wall and ceiling are covered with wallpaper• Window is plane glass• Wooden door and floor
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 8
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Office Environment (NLOS)
• The office room is made of steel wall, steel ceiling and steel floor• The floor and the ceiling are covered with carpet and plaster
board, respectively• Plate glass windows are attached on wall
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 9
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Single Directional Channel Model
• deconvolve Rx antenna pattern from measured data– Solution to a large set of linear simultaneous equations
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 10
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Cluster Identification Summary
1. PDPs are converted to a grayscale image2. Matlab tool imtool.m is used for the picture
analysis• Individual pixel analysis - contrast adjustment
3. Blind deconvolution tool deconvblind.m for cleaning the picture
• CLEAN algorithm to uncorrelate pixels4. Observed clusters (PDPs) then obtained
from original data for more precise details and parameter extraction
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 11
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Cluster Identification
angle(deg)
time(
ns)
-175 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 12
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Cluster Identification
• Identify cluster shape• Pixel level indicates strength of MPC• Used to determine rough cluster size/shape• Indicates where in data to extract more precise cluster MPCs
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 13
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
MPC Selection
• Many possible methods:– Visual– CLEAN algorithm– Lucy algorithm– Maximum Entropy Methods– Maximum likelihood algorithms based on blind
deconvolution techniques
• Currently using CLEAN and visual ray extraction• Looking to improve using other algorithms
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 14
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Residential – Parameter Extraction I
• Cluster decay time constant
• Ray decay time constant
Method: Linear Regression
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 15
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Residential – Cluster Decay Ratev360
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 16
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Residential – Ray Decay Ratev360
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 17
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Residential – Parameter Extraction II
• Cluster arrival rate 1/
• Ray arrival rate 1/
Method: distribution fitting tool (dfittool.m)
Note: arrival times from Poisson distribution (95% confidence – see Goodness of Fit testing)
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 18
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Residential – Cluster Arrival Ratev360
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 19
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Residential – Ray Arrival Ratev360
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 20
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Distribution Extraction
• Multipath Gains
• Angle of Arrival
Method: Goodness of Fit and distribution fitting tool
1 2, ,....
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 21
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Goodness of Fit Summary1. Probability Plotting
– selection of the distribution hypothesis based on preliminary fitting analysis
– use an inverse distribution scale so that a cumulative distribution function (CDF) plots as a straight line
2. Regression testing– to fit a straight line on the probability plot
3. Error plotting– gives the confidence level of the goodness of fit– Mean Squared error gives the error value between the data and the
hypothesis distribution– Steps 1-3 done for every hypothesis distribution
4. Parameter extraction– dfittool used to extract distribution parameters
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 22
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Residential – AoA Distribution
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
x 10-14 residuals
-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Xi = Angle
Z -
Sta
ndar
dise
d V
aria
ble
Probability plot for the Hypothesis Testing of a Laplace Distribution for the AOA Data (V360)
y = 0.0095*x - 0.024
data 1
linear
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 23
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Residential – AoA Distribution
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 24
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Residential – AoA Distribution
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 25
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Residential – Multipath Gain Distribution
• No conclusive result at this time• Similar in process to AoA and arrival rate
distributions• Further work required
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 26
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
ResidentialSummary of Parameters Extracted
7.48
5.02
2.02
2.399
Mean excess delay
spread [ns]
6.51
4.85
3.815
1.399
RMS delay
spread
[ns]
610.290.6422.8331.259.09v360
614.950.6582.750.5825.88v60
314.470.5974.6670.2224.54v30
3 12.910.7063.8330.4542.94
Number of clusters
[deg]
[ns][ns]
[ns]
v15
[ns]
Tx ant.
1/ 1/
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 27
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Office Summary of Parameters Extracted
78
74
Mean excess delay
spread [ns]
40.47
49.01
RMS delay
spread
[ns]
610.470.45312.870.83376.03v360
315.040.53525.911.492113.63v30
Number of clusters
[deg]
[ns][ns]
[ns]
[ns]
Tx ant.
1/ 1/
Identical analysis as for Residential environment
March, 2006
Tony Pollock, NICTASlide 28
doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0108-00-003c
Submission
Remaining Work
• Improve MPC selection• Determine multipath gain distribution
and parameters• Determine time and angle correlation• Generate model realization technique
• Timeline: completed before Jacksonville meeting (May)