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Do Now:
Write down at least three things that you know about the 1930s.(think about what life was like, events that happened, etc.)
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To Kill A Mockingbird
Background PowerPoint and
Notes
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The Great Depression
• Overspending in the 1920s
• Stock Market crash of 1929
• Poverty & Hoovervilles• President Franklin D.
Roosevelt and the New Deal
• World War II
Even people with great careers suffered because of America’s economy. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus Finch is a lawyer in Alabama who accepts things like food rather than money from his clients.
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Racial Segregation• January 1, 1863: Lincoln
issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared freedom for all slaves.– Intended to weaken the
South’s power during the U.S. Civil War
– Although slaves were “free,” black people were affected by state laws that prevented equality
– These laws were known as the Jim Crow Laws
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
• Strengthened the already popular Jim Crow Laws
• In 1892, 30-year-old Homer Plessy was jailed for sitting in a “white” section of a railroad car
• Plessy was 1/8th black, but under Louisiana law, he was considered “colored” and was supposed to ride in the “colored car.”
• Plessy argued that his arrest was a violation of the Constitution
• Ferguson, the judge, found Plessy GUILTY of refusing the leave the “white car.”
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
• After an appeal, the case went to the Supreme Court, which upheld the decision and perpetuated the concept of “separate but equal.”
• This enabled schools, courthouses, libraries, hotels, theaters, restaurants, public transportation, etc., to segregate “coloreds” from “whites.”
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Jim Crow Laws
• The term Jim Crow comes from the minstrel show song “Jump Jim Crow” written in 1828 and performed by Thomas Dartmouth “Daddy” Rice, a white English migrant to the U.S. and the first person to make blackface performances popular.
• A caricature of a shabbily dressed rural black named “Jim Crow” became a standard character in minstrel shows.
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etiquette
• Blacks were expected to refer to whites with titles of superiority like BOSS, SIR, CAPTAIN, MISS, or MRS.
• Whites referred to blacks using derogatory terms like BOY, LADY, GIRL and the “N” word.
• Blacks were expected to let whites walk in front of them on the sidewalk and signs reading things like “Negroes and Dogs Not Allowed” were common
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Harper Lee
• Born Nelle Harper Lee, April 28, 1926
• Grew up during the Great Depression
• Grew up in Monroeville, Alabama, in the heart of the South, where racial tension was high
• Dad was a lawyer• Mother’s maiden name was
Finch
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The Scottsboro Trials• In 1931, a fight between white and black teen boys occurred on
a train between Tennessee and Alabama.• Two girls on a train, one well-known prostitute and one minor,
were accused of violating the Mann Act (crossing state lines for prostitution).
• They immediately accused all nine black men of rape.
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The Scottsboro Trials• Eight of the nine
boys were sentenced to death despite the fact that testimonies were changed and there was no real evidence.
• Appeals continued for years and only two were acquitted.
Acquittal Link