History of the Industryand
Emerging Technologies
Phaneendra KondapiDirector of Engineering Programs
University of Houston
Oil & Gas 101Baker Hughes, A GE Company
October 11, 2017
Spindletop (Beaumont, TX,1901)
Beaumont, TX, Jan 10, 1901
http
://w
ww.
priw
eb.o
rg/e
d/pg
ws/
hist
ory/
spin
dlet
op/lu
cas_
gush
er.h
tml
http://www.life.com/image/670935
The Seven Sisters
● Standard Oil of New Jersey
● Anglo-Dutch
● Anglo-Persian Oil Company
● Standard Oil of New York
● Standard Oil of California
● Gulf Oil
● Texaco
Esso → Exxon (1972) → ExxonMobil (1999)
Anglo-Dutch → Royal Dutch Shell (1907)
APOC → British Petroleum (1909) → BP (2000)
Mobil → ExxonMobil (1999)
Socal → Chevron (1977)
Gulf Oil → Chevron (1984)
Texaco → Chevron (2001)
The One Time Standard Oil
Purchased by Royal Dutch Shell, 2002
Texaco merger in 2001
Now ConocoPhillips (2002)
Spun off US Steel in 2002
Gulf Oil merger in 1984
1990s 1990s
Now ExxonMobil
Supermajors of Today
The so-called "supermajor" oil companies are: ●ExxonMobil (XOM)●Royal Dutch Shell (RDS)●BP (BP)●Chevron Corporation (CVX)●Total S.A. (TOT)
Current State of the Art
• Ultra Deepwater• Longer Offsets/tie-backs• Arctic Environment• HP/HT Fields• Heavy Oil• Low Energy• Subsea Processing
Subsea Engineering Technologies1. Thermal Insulation2. Direct Electric Heating (DEH)3. Electrically Heated Pipe-In-Pipe4. Cold Flow5. Phase Changing Materials6. Thermodynamic Hydrate Inhibitors (TDI)7. Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors (LDHI)8. Defoamers9. Asphaltene Inhibitors10. Paraffin Inhibitors11. Scale Inhibitors12. H2S Scavengers13. Demulsifiers14. Drag Reducing Agents15. Real-Time Flow Assurance Software
16. Subsea Separation17. Subsea Boosting18. Subsea Compression19. Subsea Coolers20. Pipe-In-Pipe21. Bundles22. Coiled-Tubing Tractor23. Desander24. Erosion Probe25. ASD - Acoustic Sand Detector26. Acoustic Leak Detection27. Dead Oil / Hot Oil Flushing28. Pigging29. Depressurization30. Gas Sweeping
Thermal Solutions1. Thermal Insulation2. Direct Electric Heating (DEH)3. Electrically Heated Pipe-In-Pipe4. Cold Flow5. Phase Changing Materials
Source: FMC Technologies
Thermal InsulationCold FlowSource: SINTEF
1. Thermodynamic Hydrate Inhibitors (TDI)2. Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors (LDHI)3. Defoamers4. Asphaltene Inhibitors5. Paraffin Inhibitors6. Scale Inhibitors7. H2S Scavengers8. Demulsifiers9. Drag Reducing Agents
InhibitorsSource: FMC Technologies
Chemical Solutions
Hardware Solutions1. Subsea Separation2. Subsea Boosting3. Subsea Compression4. Subsea Coolers5. Pipe-In-Pipe6. Bundles7. Coiled-Tubing Tractor8. Desander9. Erosion Probe10. ASD - Acoustic Sand Detector11. Acoustic Leak Detection
Subsea Boosting
Subsea Separation
Subsea Compression
Source: FMC Technologies
1. Real-Time Softwarea. Virtual Meteringb. Integrity Performance Monitoring
Software Solutions
Real-Time Monitoring
Source: FMC Technologies
• Matured Technology areas:• Most of Chemical solutions• Most of Operating solutions• Some of Thermal solutions• Some of Hardware solutions
• Key Technology areas at emerging stage:• Subsea Separation• Subsea Coolers• Subsea Compression• Real-time Monitoring
• Key Technology areas at embryonic stage:• Cold Flow Subsea Separator
Source: FMC Technologies
Maturity Summary
The Cost Effective FutureAll Subsea/Subsea Factory
• Analyzing the technology gaps – Power, Fiber Optics, Materials• Improving the qualification testing processes• Extensive testing under broader applications• Developing new environmental friendly solutions • Focusing on the application development • Optimizing product performance• Making solutions that are based on onshore applications
Contact/Feedback Information:
Phaneendra Kondapi, PhDFounding Director, Engineering ProgramsDirector, Subsea EngineeringProfessor, Subsea EngineeringCullen College of EngineeringUniversity of HoustonHouston, TX, 77402 [email protected]
Thank you !