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Direct Coupled Thermal-Structural
Analysis in ANSYS WorkBench
Roberto Silva
ESSS
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TOPICS
• Multiphysics Coupling
• Thermal-structural coupling
• ANSYS coupled field elements
• Analysis procedure
– Material definition
– Meshing
– Loads and boundary conditions
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MULTIPHYSICS COUPLING
• In real-life scenarios, multiple physics interact
simultaneously.
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MULTIPHYSICS COUPLING
• Usually, physics coupling is ignored or simplified.
– Simulation engineers are usually single-physics.
– Coupled analyses are more computationally intensive.
• However, coupled analyses provide more realistic
results.
• ANSYS WorkBench is designed to make it easier to
simulate multiphysics coupling.
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MULTIPHYSICS COUPLING
Electromag
Fluid Dyn.
Thermal
Structural
ANSYS Mechanical ANSYS CFX / Fluent
ANSYS Maxwell / HFSS ANSYS Mechanical
ANSYS CFX / Fluent
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• Thermal-structural coupling can be modeled in the
same ANSYS Mechanical solver.
THERMAL STRUCTURAL COUPLING
THERMAL STRUCTURAL
Mechanical properties based on temperature
Thermal strain
Heat generated by plastic strain
Heat generated by friction
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THERMAL STRUCTURAL COUPLING
T S T S T S
• Some examples:
Thermal expansion of
rails due to Sun
exposure
Heat generated in
brake disc
Friction stir weld (FSW)
procedure
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THERMAL STRUCTURAL COUPLING
T S T S T S
• Regarding coupling methodology:
Coupling is considered in one direction only
This is usually solved by sequential 1-way coupling
Coupling is considered in both directions
This is can be modeled with 2-way or direct coupling
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THERMAL STRUCTURAL COUPLING
• Sequential coupling
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THERMAL STRUCTURAL COUPLING
• Direct coupling
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THERMAL STRUCTURAL COUPLING
• 1-way thermal to structural coupling can be easily
defined in WorkBench.
– Just need to connect the simulation systems.
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THERMAL STRUCTURAL COUPLING
• However, 1-way structural to thermal coupling is not
possible in ANSYS.
– It’s not possible to do this…
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THERMAL STRUCTURAL COUPLING
• Direct coupling is available in ANSYS, but not in the
WorkBench interface.
– This system does not exist yet!
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THERMAL STRUCTURAL COUPLING
• To represent direct coupling, APDL commands
should be used.
– User must select coupled-field elements.
• 1-way structural to thermal coupling is usually
represented by direct coupling as well.
– It’s easier than export the deformed mesh and results
from the structural analysis to the thermal analysis.
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COUPLED-FIELD ELEMENTS
• ANSYS includes the following coupled elements:
SOLID5 PLANE13 SOLID98
PLANE223 SOLID226 SOLID227
Current Technology Elements
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COUPLED-FIELD ELEMENTS
• Coupled-field elements can include several DOFs,
and the associated couplings between them.
FuKuCuM
QTKTC tt
Q
F
T
u
K0
KK
T
u
CC
0C
T
u
00
0Mt
ut
ttu
ted
th
ttQQ
FF
T
u
K0
0K
T
u
C0
0C
T
u
00
0M
Structural solution
Thermal solution
Strong
Coupling
Weak
Coupling
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ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
Prep Solu Post
• Geometry
• Material
• Mesh
• Loads and BC’s
• Analysis Settings
• Convergence
• Results
Those are the most important features for a direct-coupled analysis
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ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
• Example:
– Steel axissymetric pipe with fins
Convection
h = 200 W/m² °C
Tamb = 20 °C
Temperature = 200 °C
Pressure = 5 MPa
Symmetry
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ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
• Which system should be used?
• It is recommended to use a Structural system.
– Thermal setup is easier to implement with APDL.
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MATERIAL DEFINITION
• Toggling Engineering Data filter off, all properties
are available.
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MESHING
• An APDL command is used to change element type.
– Element must be chosen accordingly to mesh geometry!
ET, matid, PLANE223
KEYOPT, matid, 1, 11
KEYOPT, matid, 3, 1
This changes element type
This defines thermal-structural behavior
This redefined axissymetric behavior
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LOADS AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
• Structural loads and BC’s are applied as usual.
• For thermal loads, APDL commands are needed.
• Thermal loads must be applied on nodes and
elements, via Named Selections.
• Be careful with !
– It defines zero value to all DOFs, including temperature!
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LOADS AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
• Named Selections can be defined with geometry…
• … or by direct nodal selection
Nodes Elements
Elements can be selected based
on nodal selection, using APDL
command ESLN
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LOADS AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
• Load definition via APDL
– Refer to ANSYS documentation for more information.
APDL command = D
APDL commands = SF, SFE
APDL commands = BF, BFE
APDL command = F
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LOADS AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
D, temp_face, TEMP, 200
SF, conv_face, CONV, 200, 20
ALLSEL
Defines temperature
Defines convection
Select all entities
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LOADS AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
• A note about units:
– It is highly recommended to use metric system. This
avoids uncommon units defined by the ANSYS solver
when using other systems.
– To be sure, define solver units manually.
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SOLUTION
• Analysis can be solved as usual.
• If non-linear behavior is expected, heat flow
convergence can be monitored in WorkBench.
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RESULTS
• Thermal results can be plotted with the User-defined
Result.
– Tip: select solution and click Worksheet.
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RESULTS
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FINAL REMARKS
• Multiphysics simulations can provide more precise
results, evaluating how different phenomena interact.
• Thermal-structural coupling can be solved using the
same ANSYS Mechanical solver.
• Using APDL commands, direct coupling can be
easily implemented in the WorkBench interface.