Digital Imaging, Digital Imaging, Photography, Photography, VideographyVideography
PhotographyPhotography
Writing with light
Photography - What is it?Photography - What is it?
What are some of the things it is used for?– Visual Communication
Many different things to different people– Hobby, Avocation, Vocation, Work
Photography - HistoryPhotography - History
1839 -160 years of photographyUnique ability of silver to react to
light energyWilliam Henry Fox TalbotDaguerreEastman - Kodak
Subtractive PrimariesSubtractive Primaries
What is light?What is light?
Electromagnetic spectrum– 400-700 nm– Ultraviolet to Infrared
• UV shorter than 400 nm• IR longer than 700 nm
– Films & CCDs(sensors) can record extended range
Photography - What is it?Photography - What is it?
Traditional Process– Light reacts with silver halide– Creates latent image(invisible)– Chemical process develops image
• produce negative or positive
– Print made from negative• Photographic process repeated
Photography - What is it?Photography - What is it?
Digital Process– Light reacts with light sensor
• CCD, CMOS
– Image stored in memory– Image in memory downloaded or
viewed directly– Print made from digital file
Photographs are converted Photographs are converted to bitmapsto bitmapsororCaptured as bitmapsCaptured as bitmaps
Movies are captured as a Movies are captured as a series of bitmapsseries of bitmapsEach frame = bitmapEach frame = bitmap
Digital ImagesDigital Images
Pixels - Picture ElementPixels per inch
Computer GraphicsComputer GraphicsFile Types
–Bitmap
–Vector
BitmapsBitmaps
bmpjpegtiffgifPict(combo)Proprietary
Digital ImagesDigital Images
Dots per inchLines per inch
– Halftones
Lines per mmhttp://www.ahip.getty.edu/intro
_imaging/05-Res.html
VectorVectorEPS(?)AIPictCGMWMF
ScannersScannersDrumFlatbedFilm
ScannersScannersOptical resolutionInterpolated resolution
Scanning SoftwareScanning Software
Photoshop pluginPhoto DeluxeWang ImagingETC.
ScanningScanning
How much information do you need?How much information do you need?– Line Art(One Bit - B&W)Line Art(One Bit - B&W)
• Output resolutionOutput resolution
– Grayscale(254 shades of grey w/B&W)Grayscale(254 shades of grey w/B&W)• No more than 1.5 final LPINo more than 1.5 final LPI
– ColorColor• Same as grey scaleSame as grey scale
• Unless outputting to highUnless outputting to high resolution film recorderresolution film recorder
LPI is NOT DPILPI is NOT DPI
Storing Digital ImagesStoring Digital Images
MagneticOptical
–Archival
StorageStoragePhoto CDPhoto CD
– Five Resolutions up to 8X10Five Resolutions up to 8X10• $2.00 per image$2.00 per image
• 100 pictures per CD100 pictures per CD
Picture CDPicture CD– 1024X768 = 4X6 inch print1024X768 = 4X6 inch print
Picture DiskPicture Disk– 640X480 = Computer display640X480 = Computer display
ResolutionResolutionhttp://http://matsonematsone..csuhaywardcsuhayward..eduedu//
tmstms/imaging//imaging/dpidemodpidemo..htmhtm
Storage SizeStorage SizeMore bitsMore bits
–more informationmore information
Bigger sizeBigger size–more spacemore space
CompressionCompressionLossless for still picturesLossless for still pictures
–LZWLZWLossyLossy
–JPEGJPEG
–MPEGMPEG
• MPEG2 audio layer 3MPEG2 audio layer 3–MP3MP3
Digital CamerasDigital CamerasCCDCCDCMOSCMOS
Digital CamerasDigital Cameras
ResolutionResolution–Screen 640X480Screen 640X480
–Megapixel 1000x1000Megapixel 1000x1000• 3.3 M approx $8003.3 M approx $800
• Good quality 8X10Good quality 8X10
Digital CamerasDigital Cameras
$300 -1500$300 -1500
–Kodak, Apple, Ricoh, Epson, Kodak, Apple, Ricoh, Epson, OlympusOlympus
$3000-20,000$3000-20,000
–Nikon, Fuji, CanonNikon, Fuji, CanonDigital BackDigital Back
Digital CamerasDigital CamerasImage Storage in cameraImage Storage in camera
– SCSI HDSCSI HD
– Floppy DiskFloppy Disk
– Built-in RAMBuilt-in RAM
– Smart MediaSmart Media
– Memory Stick(SONY)Memory Stick(SONY)
Digital CamerasDigital Cameras
Image TransferImage Transfer– SerialSerial– SCSISCSI– ParallelParallel– USBUSB– Firewire-IEE 1394Firewire-IEE 1394– PCMCIA Card ReaderPCMCIA Card Reader
Digital CamerasDigital Cameras
Number of PhotosResolution of Photos
Digital CamerasDigital Cameras
Exposure ControlsLens
–Quality
–Zoom
–Digital Zoom/Optical Zoom
Digital CamerasDigital Cameras
Digital Video–Sony DVX 1000(Mini DV)
–Canon Optura(Mini DV)
–Sony Digital 8MM(D8)
Digital CamerasDigital Cameras
Digital Video–Storage tape
–CD-R
–DVD-R
Digital information
Analog CaptureAnalog Capture
Video cardRegular VCR(NTSC video)DAC(digital to analog
conversion)
Digital Stream CaptureDigital Stream Capture
FirewireAll ready digitalNo loss in DAC
Capture SoftwareCapture Software
PremiereVideo StudioiMovieFinal Cut ProETC.
Digital CamerasDigital CamerasVideo Storage
– SCSI HD
– IDE HD
– CD-R
– DVD-R
1-20 MB per second
Digital ImagesDigital ImagesInputProcessingOutput
Using Digital ImagesUsing Digital Images
PublicationPresentationElectronic PublicationEmailTraditional Output
Advanced UsesAdvanced UsesElectronic Delivery
–QTVR
–Streaming
PlaytimePlaytime
Olympus 3030–Still
–Movie
–Smart Media