Dialight Corporation
BOS-CON, Sept 12th
Dialight Corporation
BOS-CON, Sept 12th
Incandescent Strobe
LED
Obstruction Lighting Basics
Your speaker….Doug Woehler / Dialight Corporation
Prior 1984: Living “large”1984-1991: USMC-Camp Pendleton, CA1991-1994: Hali-Brite (Electrical Tech) 1994-1994: Concordia University -Crosby, MN1994-2000: H&P/Honeywell (Sales Manager) – Seattle, WA
Aircraft (GPS) Landing systemsAirport LightingObstruction lighting
2000-2006: Dialight (Product Development Mgr.)Obstruction LightingHazloc (explosion proof)Rail Lighting
Overview of presentation• Purpose of Obstruction Lighting• History, Regulations, Specifications• Lighting Systems Configurations and Types• Lighting Technologies• LED Technology Overview• LED “Challenges and Concerns”• Manufacturer responsibility• Controllers & Alarms• Recommended maintenance procedures• Question and answers
Purpose of Obstruction Lighting
HistoryThe Evolution of Tower Lighting
- Red Code Beacon (300mm) and sidelights
- White Strobe, High Intensity
- White Strobe, Medium Intensity
- Red/White Dual Strobe, Medium Intensity
- Red LED Sidelight
- Red LED Beacon, Medium Intensity
- FAA Advisory Circular 70/7460-1
“Obstruction Marking and Lighting”
- FAA Advisory Circular 150/5345-43 “Specification for “Obstruction Lighting Equipment”
- FAA Engineering Brief 67
- FCC Part 17
- ICAO Annex 14
- VAP Draft Specification
- Transport Canada CAR 621.19 (formerly TP-382E)
- Secretary Communications-Mexico
- IEC Draft
Lighting Regulations / Certifications
Red lighting/paint is an option for any height tower for daytime marking.
Medium Intensity white lighting may be used in lieu of paint on structures up to 500’ tall.
High Intensity white lighting may be used in lieu of paint on structures over 500’ tall.
FAA Tower Lighting Configurations
TYPE A Red Lighting System
TYPE B High Intensity White
TYPE C High Intensity White with AOL’s (on appurtenance)
TYPE D Medium Intensity White
TYPE E Dual Lighting SystemRed / White Medium Intensity
TYPE F Dual Lighting SystemRed / High Intensity WhiteDual RED/White Medium Intensity Beacon on Appurtenance Over 40’ Tall
Day: Aviation orange and white paint
Night/Twilight: Flashing red beacons & steady burning obstruction lights (2000 candela
and 32 candela)
Light Sources: Incandescent, Strobe and LED
Advantages: Least complex lighting systemRelatively low purchase price
Disadvantages: Painting increases life cycle cost
Red Lighting Systems
Flashing Red BeaconsFAA Designations: L-864 Beacon
ICAO Designation: Medium Intensity Red Light
Industry Jargon: Red Beacon, 300mm Beacon, 864
Steady Burning Obstruction Lights
FAA Designation: L-810
ICAO Designation: Low Intensity Light
Industry Jargon: Sidelight, Steady-Burner, OBs, Marker Light, L-810
Medium Intensity White only Lighting Day/Twilight: 20,000 candela white
Night: 2,000 candela white-no sidelights required
Advantages: No painting requiredLess expensive than dual lighting
Disadvantages: White strobes at night canirritate neighbors, High voltage, High tech components can mean expensive maintenance
Light Sources: Xenon gas strobe tubes
Medium Intensity StrobesFAA Designation: L-865
ICAO Designation: Medium Intensity White Light
Industry Jargon: Medium Intensity Strobe, White Strobe
Medium Intensity Dual Strobe SystemsDay/Twilight: 20,000 candela white
Night: Flashing red strobe & steady burning obstruction lights (2000 candela and 32 candela)
Light Sources: Xenon gas strobe tubes
Advantages: No painting required, strobes brighterEfficient light source
Disadvantages: High voltage, High tech components can mean expensive maintenance
Medium Intensity Dual StrobesFAA Designation: L-864 / L-865
ICAO Designation: Medium Intensity Dual Light
Industry Jargon: Dual Strobe
High Intensity Strobe SystemsDay: 200,000 candela white
Twilight: 20,000 candela white
Night: 2,000 candela white
Advantages: No painting required
Less expensive than dual lighting
Disadvantages: White strobe at night can
irritate neighbors, very expensive to maintain
High Intensity Strobes
FAA Designation: L-856 for tall structures
ICAO Designation: High Intensity White Light
Industry Jargon: High Intensity Strobe
Light Sources
• What are the options & what’s the best?
- Incandescent
- Strobe
- LED
Incandescent Light SourcesAdvantages :
Lowest “up front cost” Numerous distribution sources Fairly resilient to lightning Plug and play to most broadcast towers
Disadvantage : Short lamp life, high “reoccurring costs”Frequent maintenance Susceptible to vibration damageExtremely inefficient, Consumes lots of power
Light Pollution, ground effects!
Strobe / Xenon gas Light SourcesAdvantages : -Longer life technology than incandescent.
-Efficient power consumption-Numerous distribution sources
Disadvantage : -Large “upfront” costs-Proprietary replacement technology-New electrical infrastructure-Limited lamp life, depending on design-EMI / RF issues and ozone release-Expensive High Voltage replacement
components-Expensive maintenance costs- Light Pollution, ground effects!
Light Emitting Diodes!• LED obstruction lighting
– Advantages• Lowest cost of ownership• Plug and play with existing infrastructure, 120VAC• Solid State, extremely robust ad reliable, impervious to
shock/vibration.• Extremely energy efficient power consumption. 48 Watt beacon• Precision optics. Warranted performance!• No EMI created or susceptibility• Not prone to damage from surge/lighting. • Numerous distribution sources
– Disadvantages• Reputable manufacturer with extreme knowledge of LED based
products is a must!
LED’s (Light emitting diodes)Development timeline
-60’s & 70’s calculators and watches
-80’s: Interior uses such as panels, PC’s
-90’s: Traffic Intersections & Brake lights
-2000 Obstruction, railroad, aircraft,
-2005 - UL, Class 1 Div 2 area white lighting
-Today and beyond: General illumination!
Making the transition…..
• Going from a light bulb to a light engine– Generally, a single LED cannot replace a single light
bulb• A “Light Engine” is required
A revolution in lighting…LED’s
Electrical Discharge
Lamps
Fluorescent
Incandescent
Metal Halide
Mercury Vapor
Tungsten Halogen
Conventional Incandescent
150
100
50
0
1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
Lu
min
ou
s E
ffic
ienc
y (lu
me
ns/
wa
tt)
Light Emitting Diodes
High Pressure Sodium
ShapedReflectors
All LEDs are not the SameAll LEDs are not the Same
Cathode Lead
LED Chip
Anode Lead
Reflector Cup
Epoxy Dome Lens
Gold Wire Bond5mm
High-Flux LED
LED Chip
Slug
Cathode Lead
BodyPlastic Lens
Anode Lead
Use the Right Technology for the right job!
SnapLED Through-Hole Surface Mount
High Flux Surface Mount Technology
5mm vs. High Flux performance Comparison
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Temperture (Degrees C)
Intn
es
ity
(C
an
de
las
)
500 Candelas @ 25 O C
63%
34%
10%
LED performance is influenced by temperature
LED degradation increases with current density
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
On-Time (Hours)
Re
lati
ve In
ten
sit
y
1.45 A/mm2 1.03 A/mm2 0.41 A/mm2 0.21 A/mm2
Current Densities
Concerns and Challenges: Defining End of Life?
• What is the difference between the end of life of an LED and that of a halogen or incandescent lamp?
– Incandescent/Halogen is catastrophic…whereas a LED light output degrades
• The question one should ask is:
– What is the USEFUL LIFE or EFFECTIVE LIFE of an LED fixture?
• Completely dependent on many variables
Ultimate Solution: Responsible Designs and Manufacturer Warranties
Manufacturers must take the lead to ensure that their products meet the minimum operational and intensity
requirements at the end of the product’s warranty period!
A side note….controller and monitoring systems
• Dialight DOES NOT manufacture controllers or produce lighting “systems” as our focus is on LED technology.– We focus on upgrading / retrofitting existing lighting
systems to LED based fixtures– Installing new LED fixtures with the partnerships with the
industry OEM’s. • Please contact the vendor of your choice or visit our website for a
list of our existing distributors and OEM partners.
Minimum Maintenance Procedures
• All technologies– Clean exterior optical portions of fixture– Inspect and verify controller failure modes by creating a fault– Inspect conduit & wiring for degraded connections
• Incandescent– Ensure minimum of 120 VAC at lamp– Inspect Gaskets & Seals around Fresnel lenses
• Strobe Tube– Inspect high voltage controller capacitors and trigger cards– Inspect fixture wiring and terminals for corrosion (Ozone)– Re-lamp tubes per manufactures warranty (2-3 years)
• LED– Re-lamp and install new gasket every 10-12 years– Ensure 85 VAC at lamp
Questions??Dialight Corp
1501 Route 34 South
Farmingdale, NJ 07727
732 -991-2837
www.dialight.com