Download - Diagnostic Aids in Endodontics Abhi
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Good morning
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Good morning
Diagnostic aids inendodontics
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ontents
Introduction
Case historyClinical examinationDiagnostic tests
Visual and tactile inspectionPalpation
PercussionMobility and depressibility testElectric pulp testingThermal test Anesthetic test
Test cavityTransilluminationStainingWedgingRadiographs
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Advances
Xeroradiography RVG Digital subtraction radiography TACT Pulse oximetry LDF Liquid cholesterol method Infrared thermography (Hughes Probeye camera) Computed tomography MRI
Referencesconclusion
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INTRODUCTION
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Diagnosis can be defined as :
The translation of data gathered by clinical andRadiographic examination in to an organized,classified definition of the conditions present
.
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Diagnostic sequence Demographic information with respect to name, age, sex etc
Chief complaint and history of present illness
Medical and dental history
Clinical examination
Radiographic findings
Other tests, laboratory values or consultations if required
Provisional diagnosis / diagnosis
Treatment plan
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Presenting Symptoms;Subjective symptomsObjective symptoms
Pathway to correct clinical diagnosis;Case historyClinical examination
Diagnostic tests \ investigations
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Dental historyPAIN:
Type of painDuration of painLocalization of pain
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Clinical examination:
Extraoral examinationIntraoral examination
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS :
visual & tactile inspection :-soft tissue:colourcontourconsistency
Hard tissue:ColourContourconsistency
Palpation :-
Percussion :-
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Mobility and depressibility test:as c lassified by:
Grossman & Cohen Miller
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AdvantagesComfortable for patientsDigital display
DisadvantagesInterferes with cardiac pacemakersTeeth with immature apex
Recently traumatized teethNo indication about vascular supply
Electric pulp testing (EPT)
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Pulp tester classification:MonopolarBipolar
False positive response
False negative response
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Commercially available pulp testers Digilog pulp tester Parkell pulp tester
Analytic technique tester Pelton crane system Greenwood pulp tester Neosono ultima EZ-apex locator + pulp tester
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Thermal testsHeat test-
Warm stick temporary stoppingHot water bathHot airHot burnisher
Cold test-Ice sticks
Compressed gasesCO2 snowEthyl chloride
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Anesthetic testing:
Test cavity
Transillumination:
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Staining
Wedging
Radiography
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Advances
Xeroradiography -Based on electrostatic process
Types:Medical 125 systemDental 110 system
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Radiovisiography3 components of RVG
AdvantagesElimination of x-ray film
Reduction in exposure time
Instant image display
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Digital subtraction radiography
Can detect 0.12 mm change in thickness of cortical bone
Useful in:
Evaluating osseous healing Accurate detection of active disease
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TACT
consists of:
Standard radiographic unit Digital image acquisition device TACT software
Usesvisualization of canals
Detection of secondary cariesDiagnosis of external root resorption
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Probe sensor consists of:Two LED red light ( 640 nm) infrared light (960 nm)
Photo detector
Avg value O 2saturation 94% ( tooth ) PR = 72 / min
Pulse oximetry
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Laser Doppler flowmetry
Used to assess blood flow
HeNe or diode lasers used
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Liquid cholesteric crystal method
Introduced by Howell (1970)inference
Vital Non Vital
blue-green red
Red-green yellow
green yellow-red
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Infrared Thermography(Hughes probeye camera)
Can detect temperature changes assmall as 0.1 0 C .
Consists of :
Thermal video system
Silicon close-up lens
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Spiral CT
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Micro CT
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Magnetic resonance imaging
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Disadvantages:
Long imaging time.
Potential hazard imposed by the presence of ferromagneticmetals in the vicinity of the imaging magnet.
Advantages of MRI
It offers the best resolution of tissues of
low inherent contrast. No ionizing radiation is involved with MRI
Direct multiplanar image is possible without
reorienting the patient.
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References
1. Pulse oximetry as a diagnostic tool of pulp vitality .JOE,1991vol 17 ,488-90
2. Pulpal blood flow assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry in a toowith horizontal root fracture. Oral surgery oral med oral path,fe1996,vol 81, 229-33
3. Three dimensional quantization of periradicular bone destructioby micro-computed tomography. JOE,2003 vol 29 , 252-56
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Conclusion
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