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2013 SNL Meeting
Development of Evaluation Technology for Integrity
and Hydrogen Embrittlement Characteristics of
Metallic Materials
2013. 04. 09 (Tue)
S.H.NAHM & U.B.Baek
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- Through close partnership with
customers worldwide
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1 Status of KRISS’s Hydrogen Safety R&D
KRISS System
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Activities in Hydrogen Safety
• H2 Safety Workshop: Information exchange & human network
- The date of exhibition: 2008/12/12, 2009/12/3, 2011/12/14
• H2 Safety Research Laboratory Open
- Opened Date: 2009/12/3
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What ? How ?
2. FFS Assess for Vessel
3. H2 Leak Detection Tech
H2 gas
Improvement of Storage Efficiency of H2 & Guarantee of Storage Vessel Safety
1. Mat. Damage Evaluation
2. FFS Evaluation for Vessel
- LH2 System Design/Manuf
- LHe/LH2 Mat. Properties
- cH2 Mat. Properties
- Nondestructive H2 damage
- Defect Evaluation
- Vessel Integrity Assess
1. Mat. Damage Evaluation
H2 Liquid
3. Leak Detection Tech
- Sensor based on CNT
- Real time Dual Monitoring System
나노 갭 , 나노 브릿지 (MWCNT)
수소가스 누출감지
CC EE
H2 H2
H2
H2
H2
H2H2
CO
COCO
CO
CO
Research Target & Contents
O
D
B
C
B2
B1
FAIL
SAFE
Strength Parameter
Fra
ctu
re P
ara
me
ter
A
Load
locu
s
Cra
ck g
row
th
locu
s
Failure assessment
curve (FAC)
0.2
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Development of integrity evaluation technology of hydrogen vessel for safe storage and transportation of hydrogen
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Materials Damage Evaluation
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Embrittlement msmt in Gaseous H2
Smooth tensile specimen
Notched tensile specimen
Hydrogen Air
Hydrogen(cH2) Test Facility at KRISS
Specification - Autoclave : 80 mm ID × 400 mm - Design Pressure : max. 120 MPa
- Temperature : Up to 80 ℃ - Force : 100 kN
- Tension, fracture toughness, LCF, FCGR, etc.
Tension (105 MPa cH2) Fracture Toughness (105 MPa cH2)
Fatigue Crack Growth Testing System Set-Up
C(T)
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Na Al Si P Cl V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Mo
ASTM A240Gr 316L 0.374 0.0434 0.541 0.0262 0.0658 0.0702 15.8 0.893 69.5 0.255 10.1 0.255 2.08
► Tensile Testing Factor in High Pressure H2 Gas
Materials (ASTM A 240 Gr 316L)
Specimen Shape
Experimental Equipment for Exposure time & Pre-strained specimen
Pre-Strained Jig Pre-Strain (0.1 % & 4 %)
M12
D:1
2
15 14
D : 6
.35
15
R=11.2
7.5 7.5
GL : 12 mm Modified specimen
M12
D : 1
2
20 76 30
D : 6
20
R= 11.2
7.5 7.5
GL : 25 mm
Standard specimen
Specimen Long Time Exposure (1000, 2000 h)
Tensile Properties depending on Specimen Shape Force
Autoclave
Specimen
Inner Loadcell
H2 gas
Mechanical Properties in Gaseous H2
ASTM : 48 participants
International Comparison on M.P.
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LH2 (20 K) Testing System
Discontinuous Yielding
STS 304
4 K GM Refrigerator - Manufacturer : SHI (住友重機械工業) - Model : 415D - 1.5 W @ 4.2 K / 45 W @ 50 K
Mechanical testing cryostat with a 4 K GM refrigerator
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SP System Improvement (Ex) SP Test in High Pressure H2 Gas
→ Validity Proof of SP Test as Simple Test for Hydrogen Compatibility
Evaluation of Materials
(Inside Number means after pressure correction)
Small Punch Test
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FFS Evaluation for Vessels
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► Equipment for Measurement of Material Properties in Gaseous
Hydrogen Using Ultrasonic Wave
Design Drawing for Material
Properties Measurement
※ Main Components
Housing, Base, Sensor Insert, Ultrasonic Sensor, Gas Supply Valve, Automatic Gas Exhaust
Valve, Pressure Gauge, Pressure Sensor, Ultrasonic Measurement System etc.
Nondestructive Testing Equipment
Damage Evaluation by Ultrasonic
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Fitness for Service Assessment
Residual Life Assessment Based on Failure Modeling &
Physical/Chemical Limit Life
Establishment of Failure Criterion & Damage Change Route
J.S. Lee et al. POSTECH (2011)
O
D
B
C
B2
B1
FAIL
SAFE
Strength Parameter
Fra
ctu
re P
ara
me
ter
A
Load
locu
s
Cra
ck g
row
th
locu
s
Failure assessment
curve (FAC)
0.2
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Development of FFS Evaluation diagram for H2 Vessel
Using Strength/Fracture Parameter
Application of FFS Diagram for Evaluating
the integrity of Vessel Damaged by Hydrogen
Development of FFS for Vessel Development of Durability Life Evaluation
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Reliability msmt for Infrastructure
High capacity high pressure hydrogen gas infrastructure durability measurement
LPG, CNG, cH2 gas tank, valves infrastructure durability measurement
1000 L Vessel reliability measurement (70 MPa, 0.5 Hz)
Stroke
Load Pressure Pressure Strain
Reliability/Durability msmt Components
High Temperature
Fatigue Durability Test with cH2 Cylinder
Pre-Test for Developing Elastic Body
Mounting Vessel in Autoclave
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Hydrogen Leak Detection
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Hydrogen sensing
Commercial sensor
Pd-coated CNT sheets
H2 10 sccm
Commercial sensor vs Pd coated CNT sheets
-The response time of MWCNT sheets sensor is comparable with that of the commercial sensor
100 nm E-Beam deposition
- 2 point prove measurement
- The electrical resistance of sheet was measured
during hydrogen adoption/desorption process
- Nitrogen was introduced in the chamber at the
desorption process.
Hydrogen Sensing Properies
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KRISS System
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KRISS Design Approach
• Custom vessel
• Servo-hydraulic test frame
• Dedicated support equipment
– hydraulic power unit
– chiller
– Located in a test cell
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Test Capabilities
Tensile/fracture Fatigue
Max. Design Pressure
1200 bar
(120 MPa)
1200 bar
(120 MPa)
Temperature 80 deg C 80 deg C
Inner Force 50 kN 50 kN
Displacement 25 mm Tension/Tension
Tension/Compression
Test control 0.025-25 mm/s : tensile
1 minute–1 day : Fracture
0.001-10 Hz
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Cross-Section of Test Vessel
Specimen
External
Load cell
Custom
Load Cell
Inside
Pull Rod
O-ring
Balance
Chamber
Vessel
Mat’l: SNCM 439 120 mm
450 mm
GAS Inlet
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Fatigue Crack Growth Test System
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Test Capabilities
FCG
Pressure 1200 bar
(120 MPa)
Temperature Room Temperature
Force 100 kN
Displacement 25 mm
Max. No. of Specimen 10
Test control mode Inner Load
External Load
COD gage
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Cross-section of Test Vessel
Vessel
Mat’l: SNCM 439
Inside Volum : 0.01626 m3
Specimen
External
Load cell
Custom
Load Cell
Inside
Pull Rod Balance
Chamber
920 mm 150 mm
GAS Inlet
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Pressure Vessel Assembly Sequence
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Pressure Vessel Assembly Sequence
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Transducers
Strain gaged
Load cell(100 kN) for FCG test system
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Gas Management
• Design Pressure : 120 MPa
• Computer controlled
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Conducting a Test
Tensile/fracture
Fatigue
MTS Testworks 4
Fracture Toughness
MTS Fatigue Crack Growth
Software
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Safe Operations Using Engineering Controls
• Explosion proof test cell
• Secondary containment
• H2 sensors
• H2 interlocks
• Limited H2 volumes
• ASME rated vessel
• Material: SNCM 439
• BPV Sect VIII, Div 2
• Main seal vent ports
Hydrogen compatible
material in all wetted
applications.
Remote control
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