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DEVELOPING SOCIAL PRESENCE IN ONLINE CLASSROOMS
KIMBERLY M. HARRISON, ABD – INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY
ELMHURST COLLEGE / NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY
ICCHE – FEBRUARY 2015
Want an electronic copy of this presentation? http://bit.ly/1KMEFP3
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AGENDA
What is social presence? How do we recognize it?
Facilitating the development of social presence: Instructional practices
Facilitating the development of social presence: Overview of 25 tools
Poll: Which tools would you like to know more about?
(More) in-depth discussion of 3 tools
Q&A / Your tools, tips, & tricks
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WHY ARE WE TALKING ABOUT THIS?
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Independent…
but not lonely
ONLINE STUDENTS
Photo from FreeDigitalPhotos.com, created by jscreationzs
Students love the flexibility, but are often surprised at the difficulty
of the class, & how much they miss interaction.
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SOCIAL PRESENCE “Degree of salience of the other person in the interaction
and the consequent salience of the interpersonal relationships” (Short et al., 1976)
“When users feel that a form, behavior, or sensory experience indicates the presence of another intelligence” (Biocca, 1997)
“Person-to-person awareness, which occurs in a mediated environment” (Tu, 2002)
“The ability of participants to identify with the community (e.g., course of study), communicate purposefully in a trusting environment, and develop inter-personal relationships by way of projecting their individual personalities” (Garrison, 2009)
(Gunawardena, 1995)
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SOCIAL PRESENCE THEORY
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HOWEVER…
“[T]he first priority for most students in a formal educational context
is shared social identity (i.e., the purpose of the course), and not
personal identity” (Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, 2010, p. 7)
Social presence develops when learners have a chance to develop a
trusting environment to explore course goals together (Garrison,
Anderson, & Archer, 2010)
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SPT’S BENEFITS
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TOOL #1:
ASYNCHRONOUS ONLINE DISCUSSIONS
(MOST OF THIS APPLIES TO SYNCHRONOUS DISCUSSIONS, TOO)
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HOW DO WE RECOGNIZE SOCIAL PRESENCE?
Participation
Greetings
Conversational tone
Humor
Emoticons & metalinguistic
cues: <grin>
Inclusive pronouns (“we”)
Questions / invitations to comment
Supportive remarks / positive feedback
Requests for, or offers of, help
Links to personal experiences / sharing stories
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HOW DO WE FACILITATE SOCIAL PRESENCE?
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HOW TO FACILITATE SOCIAL PRESENCE?
Participate! (Encourage, model)
Greetings
Conversational tone
Humor
Emoticons & metalinguistic cues
<grin>
Inclusive pronouns (“we”)
Questions / invitations to comment
Supportive remarks / positive feedback
Requests for, or offers of, help
Links to personal experiences / sharing stories
Also: Make sure students know how to use the tech tools
DIRECT INSTRUCTION & INSTRUCTOR MODELING
Teach to avoid overuse, too
(Tu, 2002)
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Reporting = summarizing X
Reacting
Visceral response
In student’s own voice
Describes anything confusing or contradictory in X
Reflecting
Connecting prior assumptions and expectations to X
Personal impact of X
HOW TO FACILITATE SOCIAL PRESENCE?ENCOURAGING REFLECTION (CHAPNICK, 2014)
Critical thinking in original posts should lead to
enhanced discussion / more social presence throughout.
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OTHER INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY
TOOLS FOR FACILITATING SOCIAL PRESENCE
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7 WAYS TEACHERS CAN USE TECHNOLOGY WITH PURPOSE INFOGRAPHIC
BY A.J. JULIANI
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USING TECHNOLOGY & SOCIAL PRESENCE
Reflect & share
Collaborate in real time
Make something that matters
#1
#2#3
#4
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USING TECHNOLOGY & SOCIAL PRESENCE
Reflect & share
Collaborate in real time
Make something that matters
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COLLABORATE WITH GOOGLE DOCS / SHEETS / SLIDES / DRIVE
2. This Google Sheet has hyperlinks for the tools we are
going to discuss: http://bit.ly/1LQHX7a (Note: This one can only be edited by me.)
3. Here is a Google Doc that you can add to, edit, etc.:
http://bit.ly/1zDo0KJ
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#4: VOICETHREAD ($99 / YEAR)
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#5: COGGLE
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COLLABORATE WITH…
6. Skype / Google+ Hangouts
Students can chat with each other using just audio or audio / video
7. Glide
Asynchronous video messaging
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USING TECHNOLOGY & SOCIAL PRESENCE
Reflect & share
Collaborate in real time
Make something that matters
Shared course
identity:
Icebreakers: Yay!
Random stories in week 5: Boo!
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#8: STRAWPOLL.ME
Take the
survey! The link is in the Google Doc,
2nd page!
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#9: GOOGLE FORMS
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#10: ANIMOTO
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#11: VOKI
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#12: TWITTER
Recommendation: Make a separate account for each class
Students share online resources (web pages, videos)
Teach them about shortened URLS: bit.ly.com or tinyurl.com
Twitter widget can be added into some LMSs for students
who don’t want to create a Twitter account
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WE NOW INTERRUPT THIS PRESENTATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL TOOLS….
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#13: ALTERNATIVES TO TERM PAPERS
Lawrence University (Appleton, WI) Library
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AND NOW BACK TO OUR REGULARLY SCHEDULED PRESENTATION OF
INSTRUCTIONAL TOOLS….
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#14: FACEBOOK
Some instructors become Facebook friends with students; some are very much opposed to this (pros/cons)
(Closed) Facebook groups: Effective for creating a community; separates personal from classroom
More likely to post socially here than in an ungraded discussion
Can be used to share online resources or responses to an academic activity
Your college / university may have a Groups for Schools page
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#15: CEL.LY
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#16: KAHOOT!
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#17: SOCRATIVE
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DIPSTICKS: EFFICIENT WAYS TO CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
EDUTOPIAFINLEY, T. (2014, JULY 30)
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USING TECHNOLOGY & SOCIAL PRESENCE
Reflect & share
Collaborate in real time
Make something that matters
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Reporting = summarizing X
Reacting
Visceral response
In student’s own voice
Describes anything confusing or contradictory in X
Reflecting
Connecting prior assumptions and expectations to X
Personal impact of X
HOW TO FACILITATE SOCIAL PRESENCE?ENCOURAGING REFLECTION (CHAPNICK, 2014)
Critical thinking in original posts should lead to
enhanced discussion / more social presence throughout.
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#18: DIPITY
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#19: BLOGGER
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#20: WEEBLY
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#21: WIKISPACES CLASSROOM
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#22: TARHEEL READER
Invitation code:
Literacy!
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#23: PIXTON ($8.99+/MONTH)
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#24: POSTER MY WALL
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WHICH TOOLS WOULD YOU LIKE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT?
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ICCHE2015
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HOPEFULLY YOU WILL PICK 1 OR 2 OF THESE IDEAS TO TRY OUT EITHER THIS SEMESTER OR
NEXT…
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“It is not about the technology; it’s about sharing
knowledge and information, communicating
efficiently, building learning communities and
creating a culture of professionalism in schools.
These are the key responsibilities of all
educational leaders”. – Marion Ginapolis
http://teachbytes.com/2012/03/01/10-educational-technology-quotes/
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REFERENCES & RESOURCES
Armon, R. (2015, February 6). College students taking online courses miss professors. Akron Beacon Journal. http://www.ecampusnews.com/top-news/online-students-professors-098/
Barker, J. (2013). 40+ ways to innovate teaching using Glogster EDU. Retrieved from http://blog.edu.glogster.com/2013/05/13/40_ways_to_innovative_teaching_using_glogster_edu
Biocca, F. (1997). The cyborg’s dilemma: Progressive embodiment in virtual environments. Journal of Computer-mediated Communication, 3(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00070.x
Brandon. (2013, April 3). Just Coggle.it! Education Technology Magazine. http://www.edutechmag.org/2013/04/03/just-coggle-it/
Buck, T.E. (2013, October 18). The awesome power of gaming in higher education. EdTech. http://www.edtechmagazine.com/higher/article/2013/10/awesome-power-gaming-higher-education
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CONTACT INFO:
KIMBERLY M. HARRISON
CURRICULUM DEVELOPER
ELMHURST COLLEGE
630-617-5998