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Developed by:Richard Coffey, Extension Swine Specialist, University of KentuckyKevin Laurent, Extension Associate, University of KentuckyWarren Beeler, Kentucky Department of Agriculture
Judging Swine
Edited for Georgia by Frank B. FlandersGeorgia Agriculture Education Curriculum OfficeMarch 2002
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Steps to Judging Swine
1. Evaluate animals from the ground up and from the butt (rear) forward
2. Rank the traits for their importance
3. Evaluate the most important traits first
4. Eliminate any easy placings in the class
5. Place the class based on the volume of the important traits
Slide 1
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Ranking of Traits for Market Hogs1. Degree of muscling
2. Growth3. Capacity or volume
4. Degree of leanness
5. Structure and soundness
Slide 2
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Ranking of Traits for Maternal
Line Breeding Gilts
1. Structure and soundness2. Growth3. Underline quality4. Capacity or volume5. Degree of muscling6. Degree of leanness
Slide 3
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Ranking of Traits for Terminal
Line Breeding Gilts1. Structure and soundness
2. Degree of muscling3. Growth4. Capacity or volume5. Degree of leanness6. Underline quality
Slide 4
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Evaluating Degree of Muscling
1. Thickness through the center of the hams (stifle area)
2. Width between the rear feet when the pig walks and stands
3. Shape over the loin (top) - butterfly shape is desired
Slide 5
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Evaluating Degree of Muscling
- Center Width of Hams -Too narrow
Good width
Slide 6
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Evaluating Degree of Muscling
- Width Between Rear Feet -Too narrow
Good width
Slide 7
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Evaluating Degree of Muscling
- Shape of Top -Fat top alert
Greattop
shape
Porkchop
Slide 8
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Evaluating Growth
1. Unless instructed otherwise, assume all animals in the class are the same age
2. Evaluate growth based on weight (pounds)
3. Rank animals from heaviest to lightest (heaviest pig = fastest growth)
Slide 9
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Evaluating Capacity or Volume
Capacity (volume) is determined by four factors:
1. Width through rib and chest
2. Depth of body 3. Length of body 4. Balance - how well does the
animal=s width, depth, and length fit together)
Slide 10
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Evaluating Capacity or Volume- Width -
1. Pigs with good width will be wide based # Walk wide in front and rear # Good width through the chest2. The top-1/3 and bottom-1/3 should be the
same width, and the middle-1/3 should be wider
# Good spring of rib
Slide 11
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Evaluating Capacity or Volume- Width -Too narrow Nice width
Slide 12
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Evaluating Capacity or Volume
- Width -
Widechested
Slide 13
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Evaluating Capacity or Volume
- Depth of Body -Depth of body is important for: 1. Capacity for feeding (market
hogs) # Good ability to eat and grow 2. Capacity for reproduction
(breeding hogs) # Ability to carry large litters
Slide 14
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Evaluating Capacity or Volume
- Depth of Body -
Shallowrear flank
Too deep rear flank
Slide 15
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Evaluating Capacity or Volume
- Depth of Body -
Uniform depth
Slide 16
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Evaluating Capacity or Volume
- Length of Body -Length is evaluated as the distance from flank to flank
Too short Long bodied
Slide 17
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Evaluating Degree of Leanness
1. Degree of leanness is influenced by # Degree of muscling # Frame size of the pig # Sex of the pig # Age and weight of the pig2. Fat is deposited from the front to the
rear # Checks/Jowls Behind Shoulders Flanks
Tailhead
Slide 18
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Evaluating Degree of Leanness
3. Leanness can be determined by identations in the following areas:
# Over and behind the shoulders # Ham-loin junction # Dimple just in front of tailhead4. Key points to remember: # Muscle is hard, fat is soft # Muscle is firm, fat is loose
Slide 19
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Evaluating Degree of LeannessFat Alerts
Smooth over back
Loose in crotch
Smooth overshoulder
Wasty jowl and cheeks
Loose inflanks
Smooth at ham-loin junction
Wastytailhead
Slide 20
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Evaluating Degree of LeannessLean Machine
Clean over shoulder
Clean over loin
Well defined ham- loin junction
Clean and firm in crotch Clean and firm in
flanks
Slide 21
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Evaluating Structure and Soundness
When evaluating structure and soundness, attention should be given to the following areas:
1. Feet and pasterns 2. Hocks 3. Knees 4. Rump 5. Shoulder
Slide 22
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Evaluating Structure and Soundness
- Feet and Pasterns -
Too much set to pasterns Feet turned out
Slide 23
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Evaluating Structure and Soundness
- Feet and Pasterns -
Good set to pasterns and
good feet
Slide 24
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Evaluating Structure and Soundness
- Hocks -
Too straightin hocks
Swollen hocks
Slide 25
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Evaluating Structure and Soundness
- Hocks -
Good setand curvature to
hocks
Slide 26
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Evaluating Structure and Soundness
- Knees -
Extreme setto knees
Bucked-overat knees
Slide 27
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Evaluating Structure and Soundness
- Knees -
Good setto knees
Slide 28
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Evaluating Structure and Soundness
- Rump -
Too steepin rump Nasty Rump
Slide 29
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Evaluating Structure and Soundness
- Rump -
Good level rump
Slide 30
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Evaluating Structure and Soundness- Shoulders -
Too straightin shoulder
Crash
Slide 31
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Evaluating Structure and Soundness- Shoulders -
Excellent slope and set to shoulder
Slide 32
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Evaluating Underline QualityA good underline will
consist of the following: 1. Both rows of teats
easily accessible 2. Six to seven teats per
side 3. Teats evenly spaced 4. Pencil eraser sized
teats 5. Free from pin, blind,
and inverted nipples
Slide 33
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Example Market Hog
Class I
Slide 34
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1 2
3 4
Official Placing: 3 - 1 - 2 - 4 Cuts: 4 - 5 - 5
Slide 35
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Example Market Hog
Class II
Slide 36
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Official Placing: 2 - 1 - 3 - 4 Cuts: 2 - 4 - 6
1 2
3 4
Slide 37