Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Click to edit Master title styleDetector and Optical Physics Group
Cavendish Laboratory
Transition Edge Sensor Bolometers
D. J. Goldie,M. D. Audley, D. M. Glowacka, V. N. Tsaneva, S. Withington.
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
DPG activities
•DPG capabilities
•Optical modelling•Electromagnetics•Thermal behaviour•Device modelling •Fabrication (Transition Edge Sensors (TESs), Kinetic Inductance Detectors, SIS tunnel junctions, SQUIDs..•Characterization•Detector packaging
•This talk•TESs for CMB polarization experiments
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
ClOVER TEAM
•Cambridge – M. D. Audley, B. Barker, M. Brown, M. Crane, D. Glowacka, D. Goldie, K. Grainge, A. Lasenby, H. Stevenson, D. Titterington, V. Tsaneva, S. Withington
•Cardiff – P.A.R Ade, P. G. Calisse, W. Gear, w. Grainger, P. Hargrave, J, House, K. Isaac,, B. Kiernan, P. Mauskopf, S. Parsley, G. Savini, R. V. Sudiwala, C. Tucker, R. Tucker, I. Walker, M. Whitehead, J. Zhang
•Manchester – L. Piccirillo, P. Diamond, A. Galtress, V. Haynes, P. Leahy,
S. Lewis, B. Maffei, L. Martinis, S. Melhuish, G. Pisano, R. Watson,
•Oxford – M. Brock, P. Cabella, P. Ferreira, P. Grimes, B. Johnson, M. Jones, W. Lau, J. Leech, D. O’Dea, C. North, D. Sutton, A. Taylor, G. Yassin
•NIST- K. D. Irwin
•UBC- M. Halpern
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Key Features of CLOVER
• Two telescopes measuring polarization of CMB:• LF: 97 GHz• HF: combined 150 and 220 GHz focal plane
LF: 96 horns => 192 finline-coupled detectors at 97 GHz
• Focal Plane: hexagonal array of horns, two polarizations per horn
• Detectors: Bolometers with superconducting transition edge sensors (TES)
• Readout: Time-division SQUID multiplexer (NIST, UBC)
• Sensitivity: limited by unavoidable photon noise (2.2x10-17 W/√Hz)
HF: 192 horns => 192 4-probe OMTs in mixed 150/220 GHz focal plane
• Operating Temperature: 100 mK (active control of bath temperature)
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
• CLOVER needs high-performance polarimetry
Why Microstrip-coupled TESs?
• TES design can be optimised separately and doesn’t have to change
if the array architecture changes
• Can include planar band-pass filters, phase shifters, modulators etc.
=> simple detector becomes multi-function integrated circuit
• Calibration
• Flexibility: RF absorption is separated from the bolometer
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
•Finline-coupled detector, uses a rectangular-waveguide to finline to superconducting microstrip transition.
Waveguide probes
Grounding ring
Low frequency Mid- and high frequency
ClOVER TES Detector Designs
•Polarization-sensitive detector, which uses probes suspended on a SiNx membrane in a circular waveguide.
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
TESs for ClOVER
•Mo-Cu TESs•500 nm SiNx support and thermal isolation•Tc 200 mK•Tbath 100mK
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
ClOVER Science-Grade Detectors
Tc: 190 mK
Power handling: 11 pW
30 chips per wafer
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Slotline coupled to microstrip
•Detail of the slotline-microstrip transition
•Single metalization layer for critical dimensions
•Oxford design
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Response of LF Detector to BB Illumination
IV Curves for different black-body temperatures
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
V (mV)
I (m
A)
34 K
30 K
25 K
20 K
15 K
10 K
5 K
1 K
•Blackbody Illuminator•Two low-pass filters define band•Conical radiator•Heat sunk to 1K stage
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Linearity at Fixed Bias
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Excess noise reduction
G/4
3G/4
JohnsonG2
•Current noise mainly from Johnson and thermal sources alone.•Little excess noise.
• Dark NEP at 200 mK:1.75x10-17 W/√Hz
with G= 172 pW/K
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Effect of Dielectric Loading by Substrate
100% and
89%
efficiency100 μm
225 μm
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Focal-Plane Module for ClOVER
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
LF Detector Module with OMTs
•Could already populate an 8*8 array
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
ClOVER HF CHANNEL
•150 and 220 GHz channels use probes suspended on SiNx membrane across circular waveguide
•Cardiff rf design
•Power from opposite probes combined onto a single TES
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Fully processed wafer with 150 GHz devices
Four-probe OMT for HF instrument
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Four-probe OMT for HF instrument
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Power Multiplexing
Nb1
Ins1
Nb2
Ins3Nb3
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Response of Four-Probe OMT to Illuminator
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
TBB (K)
Pd
etec
ted
(p
W)
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Materials Characterization I
•K. Rostem et al. J Low Temp Phys (2008) 151: 76–81
•Johnson noise thermometry•Thermal conductance studies•Crucial for next generation low background TESs
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Materials Characterization II
•Heat capacity measurements•Major implications for TES dark noise •D. J. Goldie et al. J. Appl. Phys. 105, 074512 2009
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Materials Characterization III
•Lab on a chip 1st generation•Wideband measurements of microstrip losses
•K. Rostem et al. J. Appl. Phys. 105, 084509 2009
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Materials Characterization IV
•Lab on a chip 2•Thermal conductance
•How to make low G close-packed arrays?
•Low G TESs for low power applications
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Optical Modelling
•Bolometer reception patterns
•Reduced pixel size
•C. N. Thomas, S. Withington
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
Summary ClOVER TESs
•Highly developed process route for microstrip coupled TESs
•High optical detection efficiency for both finline and probe-coupled designs
•Satisfy ClOVER requirements for dark NEP, power handling and response time
•Packaging-shielding complete
•Integrated with time division MUX
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
Detector Physics Groupat the
Cavendish Laboratory
The FUTURE
•Recently kicked-off ESA TRP Cardiff/SRON/Maynooth/RAL•Next generation TESs for space missions •Far-IR TES detectors•Ultra-low noise CMB B-mode detectors
•ClOVER a significant legacya significant opportunity