Download - DESN 100: Week 4
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DESN 100: Week 4
Brief Overview of • Industrial piping• Structural drafting• Civil drafting• HVAC
• Electrical Schematics
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Industrial Process Piping
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Definitions
• Piping– Any kind of conduit used in a wide range of
applications• Plumbing– Small diameter pipes that carry liquids, solids, or
gases• Water• Natural gas• Waste
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Definitions
• Process piping– Transport of fluids between storage tanks and
process equipment• Transportation piping– Carry products hundreds of miles• Petroleum products• Gases• Coal slurries
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Definitions
• Pipe drafting– Visualization of pipes and fittings in various
orthographic and pictorial views• Double line• Single line
– Most visualization problems for beginners• Isometric• Flow diagram
– Schematic, non-scale diagram of system layout
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Double- and Single-Line Drawings
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Definitions
• Piping drawing– Most complex• Scale drawing• Provides several views
– Plan– Elevation– Section
• All equipment, dimensions, and notes shown• Drawn from flow diagrams, manufacturer
specifications, and mechanical drawings
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Definitions
• Piping isometric– Pictorial drawing– Illustrates pipe run in three dimensions– Information from piping drawings
• Spool drawing– Drawn orthographically– Shows all pipe and fittings used to assemble a
segment– Usually non-scale
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Structural engineering
– Associated with commercial steel and concrete buildings
– Engineer components of a building or structure• Skyscrapers• Bridges
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Definitions
• Structural drafting– Independent of or cross-referenced to other
drawings• Architectural• Plumbing• HVAC
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Civil Drafting
• Graticules– Two sets of grid lines• Latitude
– Lines that divide the earth horizontally– Parallels
• Longitude– Lines that divide the earth vertically– Meridians
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Definitions
• Prime meridian– Zero line of longitude– Runs through Greenland
• Local meridians– All other meridian lines
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Definitions
• Degrees– Divided into components• Degrees• Minutes (60 minutes = 1 degree)• Seconds (60 seconds = 1 minute)• E.g., 124° 45' 12“• Conversion to decimal degrees
– 124 + (45/60) + (12/3600)
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Definitions
• Great circle– Direction around earth from a given point in
relation to the latitude and longitude coordinates• Azimuth– Angle • Moving clockwise• Between meridian at the starting point and the great
circle
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Azimuth
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Property Descriptions
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Metes and Bounds
• Length– Mete
• Bearing– Bound
• Primary form of legal description– 19 states, including 13 original colonies
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Metes and Bounds
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Rectangular System
• Used in public-land states• Meridians named separately– E,g, First principal meridian• Western boundary of Ohio
• Parallels are all named the same– Baseline
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Rectangular System
• Townships– Six-mile square blocks– Arranged in columns (ranges)– Divided into 36 squares (sections)• One square mile• Divided into fourths (quarters)
– Divided into fourths (quarter-quarter sections)
• Land description– Begins with smallest portion
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Rectangular System
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Lot and Block
• Established from either of two other systems– Rectangular– Metes and bounds
• Subdivision – Given a name– Divided into lots
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HVAC
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HVAC
• Purpose– To provide air movement or exchange within a
structure• Also known as “mechanical systems”• Residential structures– Do not require plans unless complex
• Commercial structures– Use floor plan as overlap to begin mechanical
systems drawings
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HVAC Systems
• Central forced-air systems– Most common for climate heating and air
conditioning• Thermostat starts cycle• Fan forces air into ducts• Ducts connect to diffusers, or air supply registers• Cycle begins again
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Central Forced-Air System
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HVAC Systems
• Refrigeration– Most common type of cooling system– Components• Evaporator / Cooling coil• Air pump / Compressor• Condenser• Expansion valve
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HVAC Systems
• Hot water system– Water circulated through radiators or convectors– Circulator moves water through system– Water kept at temperature between 150 and 180
degrees F.
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HVAC Systems
• Zoned control system– Allows for one or more heaters and one
thermostat per room– Flexible
• Radiant heat– Control surface temperatures– Minimize excessive air movement– Piping or wiring in ceiling or floor
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HVAC Systems
• Heat pump– Forced-air central heating and cooling– Uses compressor and circulating liquid gas
refrigerant– Heat extracted from outside air and pumped
inside– Acts as a dehumidifier when cooling
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Heat Pump
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Pollutants
• Influence choice of ventilation• Types– Moisture– Carbon monoxide– Airborne pathogens– Tobacco smoke– Formaldehyde– Radon– Common household products
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Electrical and Electronic Schematic Drafting
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Pictorial
• Represent circuit in three dimensions• Realistic• Easy to understand• Uses– Catalogs– Brochures– Service manuals– Assembly drawings
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Pictorial
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Schematic
• Series of lines and symbols– Electrical current path– Circuit components
• Types– Block– Wiring– Schematic wiring
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Schematic
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Block Diagram
• Simplified version of schematic• Minimum detail of component• No connections at individual terminals
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Block Diagram
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Wiring Diagram
• Shows all interconnections of system components
• Referred to as point-to-point interconnecting wiring diagrams
• More detailed than schematic
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Wiring Diagram
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Schematic Wiring Diagram
• Simplicity of schematic• Completeness of wiring diagram– Circuit is series of lines and symbols• Electrical current path• Circuit components
– Connection terminals shown
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Schematic Wiring Diagram
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Highway Wiring Diagram
• Representation of point-to-point interconnecting wiring– Simplified and condensed
• Uses– Fabrication– Quality control– Troubleshooting
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Highway Wiring Diagram
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Cable Diagram
• Associated with multiconductor system• Also known as cable harness diagrams• Provide – Circuit destination– Number of leads– Conductor type– Power rating
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Cable Diagram