Download - Dengue virus
Dengue VirusDengue Virus
By: HERMAN.By: HERMAN.
Group 305Group 305
Plan of the presentationPlan of the presentation
CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION GENERAL INTRODUCTIONGENERAL INTRODUCTION STRUCTURE OF VIRIONSTRUCTURE OF VIRION PATHOGENESISPATHOGENESIS DISEASESDISEASES DIAGNOSISDIAGNOSIS PREVENTION & TREATMENTPREVENTION & TREATMENT
Dengue DeclassifiedDengue Declassified
Family: FlaviviridaeFamily: Flaviviridae Genus: FlavivirusGenus: Flavivirus Species: Dengue virusSpecies: Dengue virus
What is the Dengue What is the Dengue Virus?Virus?
Arbovirus Arbovirus Arthropod, Mosquito, bornArthropod, Mosquito, born
(Aedes aegypti)(Aedes aegypti) It is a pathogen that causes It is a pathogen that causes
Dengue fever (DF)Dengue fever (DF) Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)
Can lead to Dengue shock syndrome (DSS)Can lead to Dengue shock syndrome (DSS)
Has four different serotypes (DEN-1,2,3,4)Has four different serotypes (DEN-1,2,3,4) First reported epidemics in 1780 in Asia, Africa, First reported epidemics in 1780 in Asia, Africa,
and North Americaand North America
Structure of virusStructure of virus
PATHOGENESISPATHOGENESISTRANSMISSION CYCLE OF DENGUE VIRUS
REPLICATION IN THE HUMAN CELLS
Target tissuesTarget tissues Dengue induces cytokine production in cellsDengue induces cytokine production in cells Cytotoxic factor effects endothelial cells Cytotoxic factor effects endothelial cells
involved in most of the followinginvolved in most of the following:: HeartHeart LiverLiver KidneysKidneys LungsLungs IntestinesIntestines SpleenSpleen Lymph nodesLymph nodes BrainBrain Skin (inflammatory rashes)Skin (inflammatory rashes)
DISEASESDISEASES
Dengue FeverDengue Fever Dengue Hemorrhagic FeverDengue Hemorrhagic Fever Dengue Shock SyndromeDengue Shock Syndrome
This is the process in which certain This is the process in which certain strains of dengue virus, complexes with strains of dengue virus, complexes with non-neutralizing antibodies can enter a non-neutralizing antibodies can enter a greater portion APCs thus increasing greater portion APCs thus increasing virus production. This generally occurs virus production. This generally occurs after a primary infection by a different after a primary infection by a different strain and results in DHF or DSSstrain and results in DHF or DSS
ANTIGEN-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT
Symptoms: DHFSymptoms: DHF
FeverFever HeadacheHeadache Muscle and joint painMuscle and joint pain DehydrationDehydration Nausea and/or Haematemesis (vomiting of blood)Nausea and/or Haematemesis (vomiting of blood) Epistaxis (Bleeding from the nose, mouth, or gums)Epistaxis (Bleeding from the nose, mouth, or gums) Haematuria (Blood in Urine)Haematuria (Blood in Urine) Pain behind the eyesPain behind the eyes Plasma leakagePlasma leakage Respiratory distressRespiratory distress Petechia (Skin rash) and/or Purpura (Lesions)Petechia (Skin rash) and/or Purpura (Lesions)
Diagnostic testsDiagnostic tests
Virus isolation by infection of mice using Virus isolation by infection of mice using infected mosquitoesinfected mosquitoes
Isolation in cultured mosquito cells and Isolation in cultured mosquito cells and identification by indirect IFidentification by indirect IF
Detection of IgM antibodies in the blood by Detection of IgM antibodies in the blood by PCR or Viral isolation (Serology)PCR or Viral isolation (Serology)
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent assay)assay)
Haemagglutination inhibition testHaemagglutination inhibition test
Prevention: Prevention: There is no specific treatmentThere is no specific treatmentRelieving symptoms and Relieving symptoms and
complicationscomplications:: Plasma volume replacementPlasma volume replacement Sedatives for restless patientsSedatives for restless patients Blood transfusion with Blood transfusion with
patients with significant blood patients with significant blood lossloss
Aspirin should be avoidedAspirin should be avoided
All efforts of control are aimed All efforts of control are aimed against mosquitoesagainst mosquitoes Elimination of breeding areasElimination of breeding areas Actions to prevent mosquito Actions to prevent mosquito
bites (repellant, nets, and bites (repellant, nets, and vapors)vapors)
Vaccinations are pendingVaccinations are pending Problem is that the Problem is that the
vaccination needs to prevent vaccination needs to prevent all four serotypesall four serotypes
TreatmentTreatment::
DHF
Morbidity and MortalityMorbidity and Mortality
More than 2.5 Billion people live in areas More than 2.5 Billion people live in areas that have a risk of infectionthat have a risk of infection
Over 100 million cases of Dengue Over 100 million cases of Dengue infection are reported each year globallyinfection are reported each year globally 500,000 cases pertain to DHF500,000 cases pertain to DHF
DHF has a 5% fatality rate for those DHF has a 5% fatality rate for those infectedinfected
People at high risk are children and the People at high risk are children and the elderlyelderly
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