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Metals and non-metals
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Investigating the melting properties of metals
List of equipment: bunsen burner, nail Heat a piece of metal in a bunsen burner
flame. Does the metal melt? What does this tell us about the melting
points of metals?
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Investigating the shiny properties of metals
List of equipment: Magnesium, sandpaper Rub a piece of magnesium metal with
some sandpaper. What do you notice?
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Investigating the heating conducting properties of metals
List of equipment: thumb tack, 3 metal rods, bunsen burner, tripod, vaseline
Place a tub tack on apiece of a metal rod.
Watch what happens when you heat the rod?
What does this tell us about metals?
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Investigating the electrical properties of metals
List of equipment: 6V battery, bulb, 2 leads, metal, plastic ruler
Set up an electrical circuit See page 166 of your textbook. Place a piece of metal in the circuit. What
happens to the bulb? Place a piece of plastic in the circuit. What
happens to the bulb?
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Investigating the sonorous properties of metals
List of equipment: tuning fork Tip the side of a tuning fork on the table? What do you notice? What does this tell us about metals?
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Investigating reaction of metals with water 5 test tubes Calcium Magnesium Copper Iron Aluminium carbon
Universal indicator Wooden splint
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Investigating reaction of metals with water Place metal sample in test tube. Add 5ml of water and 5 drops of
universal indicator to test tube Place a stopper on test tube Measure number of bubbles you see in
20 seconds. If there is enough gas coming off test this
gas with a lighted splint.
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Result
Element No of bubbles
Calcium
Magnesium
Iron
Copper
Aluminium
Carbon(control)
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Investigating reaction of metals with HCL 5 test tubes Calcium(white) Magnesium Copper(brown) Aluminium(grey) Carbon(control)
Wooden splint Concentrated acid
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Predict what will happen when
Mg is added to acid(HCl) Ca is added to acid(HCl) Fe is added to acid(HCl) Al is added to acid(HCl) Cu is added to acid(HCl) C is added to acid(HCl)
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Safety precautions
Safety glasses gloves
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Investigating reaction of metals with HCL
Place metal sample in test tube. Add 5ml of HCl Place a stopper on test tube Measure number of bubbles you see in
20 seconds. If there is enough gas coming off test this
gas with a lighted splint.
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Result
Element No of bubbles+colour change
Calcium
Magnesium
Iron
Copper
Aluminium
Carbon
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Discussion of results
When a metal reacts with an acid, a salt and hydrogen are formed. This is the general word equation for the reaction:
metal+ acid salt+ hydrogen
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Alloys
Alloy What is it made from
Use
Brass Cu + Zn Musical instruments
Bronze Cu + Sn Satues
Solder Pb + Sn Soldering
Mild steel Fe + C Buildings
Stainless steel Fe + Cr + Ni Knives/forks
/sinks
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Is diamond an element?
Is Diamond a metal?
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NO!
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Diamond is made from carbon atoms that are bonded in a very rare way!
They are only found in nature.
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Where do diamonds come from? The first diamonds were found in
ancient times in India. Large diamond deposits were found in Brazil around the 1720's. Huge diamond fields were discovered in Siberia in 1956. In the 1860's, diamonds were found in South Africa. This led to a diamond rush in the Kimberly Fields. Now, most of the world's diamonds come from South Africa.
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How old are diamonds? but did you know a diamond could be the
oldest material you might own? While the rock in which diamonds are found may be 50 to 1,600 million years old, the diamonds themselves are approximately 3.3 billion years old.
Diamonds also may be formed under the high pressures and temperatures at the site of meteorite impacts.
Investigating the conditions that cause “rusting”-Tasks to be carried out
We want to place a nail test-tube
Half –filled in water We want to place a nail in boiled water
under a layer of oil. We want to place a nail air dried and no
water
We want to place a nail fully in water
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List of apparatus 4 nails, Mass balance cotton wool, boiled cooled water, oil 4 Test-tubes
Test-tube rack Calcium chloride
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Variables Controls Moisture in air Mass of nail Oxygen in water
Type of nail is not changing
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Method
Write about how you set up the experiment
We weighed each nail before we started.
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The only metal that rusts is iron
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Questions
What happens to water when it is bolied and cooled?
Answer: The dissolved oxygen is removed.
What does calcium chloride do? Answer: It soaks up all the moisture in
the air.
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Can you predict which test tubes will rust and why?
A
B
C
D
Conclusions-to be filled in next week
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Comments
Could we have carried out the experiment any differently?
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Classwork
Page 171
Questions 1 to 11
Questions 12 to 16
Page 172
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We will leave the nails for a week and check our result
Do your predictions match the actual result?
Write out your observations .