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Date: 11/22/13
Activity: 1950s
Warm Up: How do you think many Americans of the 1950s felt about the Beatniks and Rock and Roll?
Homework:
*Study guide due Monday
*Large Quiz on 1950s Tuesday 11/26
Pg Assignment Date
57 Red Dot Game Debrief 11/18
58 Red Dot Game/Connections 11/18
59 Red Scare Notes 11/18
60 Magazine Review 11/21
61 Postwar America 11/21
62 The Other America 11/21
63 Unit 3 (1950s) Study Guide 11/21
64 Unit 3 Learning Targets 11/22
Welcome to Contemporary U.S. and World History
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Big themes of the 1950s…
Truman • Truman put his presidency on
the line in order to secure equal rights.– Attempted to get anti-lynching
laws, ban on poll taxes, and a permanent civil rights commission.
– 1948 issued an executive order for integration of the armed forces
– Ordered an end to discriminating against government employments
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Big themes of the 1950s…
1948 Election
– Dixiecrats• Southern Democrats who protested
Truman’s civil rights attempts • Nominated Governor J. Strom
Thurmond of S. Carolina
– Republicans • NY Governor Thomas E. Dewey • Expected to win
– Democrats • Truman • “Whistle-stop campaign” wound up
winning him the election in a surprising upset.
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Big themes of the 1950s…
Truman’s Fair Deal
• Extension of FDR’s New Deal
• Raised minimum wage• Extended social security to
about 10 million more people• Flood control & irrigation
projects• Financial support to cities
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Big themes of the 1950s…
1952 Election
– 1952 Election Eisenhower (Ike) was the Republican candidate running against Democrat Adalai Stevenson
– People were scared of communism and tired of the war in Korea and wanted a change
– VP running mate (Richard Nixon) almost lost it for him due to a scandal
– Won 55% of the pop vote and a majority of the electoral college
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Big themes of the 1950s…Dwight D. Eisenhower
– “Dynamic Conservatism” or “Modern Republicanism”
– Followed the middle of the road to avoid controversy
• Didn’t do much for civil rights
– Domestic accomplishments • Balanced budget & cut taxes
• Raised minimum wage
• Extended social security and unemployment benefits
• Increased funding for public housing
• Backed creation of interstate highways, Department of Health, Education & Welfare
• Re-elected in 1956
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Big themes of the 1950s…
Subculture Emerges
– The Beat Movement: • Against conformity • Expressed the social and literary
nonconformity of artists, poets, and writers.
– Beats, or beatniks• Often shunned regular work, followed
Buddhism, music and sometimes used drugs.
– “Original” Hippies
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Big themes of the 1950s…
Rock ‘n’ Roll
– Grew out of rhythm and blues and country and pop
– Listened to mostly by whites, but musicians were often African American.
– Elvis Presley “King of Rock ‘n’ Roll
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Big themes of the 1950s…
Emergence of the Teenager
– Teenage years finally recognized as an important transitional time
– Teenagers targeted as a market for the first time
– Movies and music targeted towards teenagers
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Big themes of the 1950s…
Social Unrest
– After serving in WWII, African Americans returned with a renewed desire for equality
– Violence erupted in the South
– The beginning of the civil rights movement took place
• Brown vs. Board of Education • Rosa Parks and the Bus Boycott
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Big themes of the 1950s…• Automobile Culture
– Inexpensive • Gasoline was plentiful and
therefore cheaper• Easy credit terms (loans) and
advertising influenced many to buy automobiles
– New Necessity • Suburbs didn’t have public
transportation • More spread out in suburbs so
couldn’t walk everywhere
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Big themes of the 1950s…
• Automobile Culture
– Interstate highway system• “Automania” spurred the
Interstate Highway Act (signed by Eisenhower in 1956) to build a nationwide highway network linking major cities
– Effects: Negative: •Pollution •Traffic •Accidents•Economic differences between suburban and city dwellers expanded
Positive:
Stimulated business for drive-in movies and restaurants & shopping malls
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Big themes of the 1950s…Mass Media
– TV first widely available in 1948By 1950, 9% of American homes had TVs
By 1954, 55% of American homes had TVs
– Rapid growth of TV stations– Radio and Movies survived – Regulated by the FCC – “Golden Age of TV” – Advertising and TV dinners increased – Criticized for violence and stereotyping
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Big themes of the 1950s…• Changes in the family
– Women’s Roles • Wartime workers supporting the
family while husbands were away at war
• Now expected to take on the domestic role of homemaker
– Divorce• Many women didn’t like the
changes after WWII• Loss of independence • Over 1 million divorces by 1950.
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Big themes of the 1950s…Medical Advances
• Polio Vaccine • Cardiac Pacemaker
– Very different than today, painful and needed sedation. But still revolutionary
• Heart-Lung Machine – Helped patients survive during
intercardiac surgery
• Coronary Angiography – Diagnostic images in the heart
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Big themes of the 1950s…
• Return of Soldiers after WWII – Approximately 10 million
soldiers returned home from war – GI Bill of Rights was enacted in
1944• Paid partial tuition• Guaranteed unemployment pay for
up to a year while job hunting• Offered low interest, federally
guaranteed loans.
– Helped to buy homes and establish businesses
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Big themes of the 1950s…• Suburbia
– Returning veterans faced a housing shortage
– Assembly line methods were used to build homes cheaply and quickly
– Levittown – homes sold for less than $7,000
– Homes looked alike and had zoning laws to ensure they would stay that way.
**CONFORMITY
– People still liked the suburbs because of openess and small-town feel
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Big themes of the 1950s…• Baby Boom:
- Between 1946 & 1960 birthrate soared as soldiers came home and settled down in suburbia.
– This led to the largest generation in US history
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Big themes of the 1950s…
• Organization & The Organization Man
– More people working in higher-paid, white collar positions
– Companies rewarded employees for teamwork, cooperation and loyalty; encouraged conformity
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Big themes of the 1950s…• Conformity
– As war gave way to peace, America began a period of remarkable sameness, where media, corporations, and communities reinforced established norms
– Some question whether pursuing the American dream exacted too high a price, as conformity replaced individuality.
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Big themes of the 1950s…
Consumerism
– Buying of material goods became equated with success
– Planned Obsolescence • Becoming a “throw-away society”
– Credit purchases • More than ever before• Private debt increased from $73 bil to
$179 bil
– Spending, not saving
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Notes:
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Notes:
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Notes:
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Notes:
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Date: 12/3/12 Activity: Review of the
1950s
Warm Up: Talk with group about last minute changes/additions to be able to turn in your final magazine tomorrow.
-Homework:
*Final Magazines due TOMORROW 12/4
Pg Assignment Date
55 Role Chart 11/19
56 Project Calendar 11/19
57 Research Notes 11/19
58 Task Sheet 11/19
59 Rubric 11/19
Welcome to Contemporary U.S. and World History
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THE COLD WAR GETS COLDER
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END OF THE ATOMIC MONOPOLY
• 1949 – USSR DEVELOPS ATOMIC BOMB:– CREATES PUBLIC HYSTERIA IN U.S.– TRUMAN RESPONDS:– CREATES FEDERAL CIVIL DEFENSE
ADMINISTRATION:• YOU CAN SURVIVE NUCLEAR WAR BY:
– BUILDING UNDERGROUND BOMB SHELTERS
– CONDUCTING SCHOOL DRILLS (“DUCK & COVER”)
– U.S. BEGINS TO DEVELOP HYDROGEN BOMB (H-BOMB)
– NEW IDEA: YOU CAN ONLY PREVENT WAR BY HAVING MORE NUKES THAN THE USSR!!!
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CHANGE IN LEADERSHIP
• 1952 ELECTION: EISENHOWER (REPUBLICAN) WINS
• 1953: STALIN DIES (HELPS LEAD TO END OF KOREAN WAR)
• NEW SOVIET LEADER: NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV
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A NEW COLD WAR STRATEGY
• “CONTAINMENT” POLICY CONTINUES BUT WITH A NEW STRATEGY:– MASSIVE RETALIATION:
• U.S. WOULD NOT HESITATE TO USE ALL OF ITS NUCLEAR FORCE VS. AGGRESSOR NATIONS
• BRINKSMANSHIP (GOING TO THE BRINK OF WAR)
• MAD (MUTUALLY ASSURED DESTRUCTION)
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DO NOW
• THINK OF AND LIST AS MANY ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE U.S. POLICY OF MASSIVE RETALIATION AS YOU CAN.
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MASSIVE RETALIATION
• ADVANTAGES:– SAVE $ (SMALLER CONVENTIONAL MILITARY
NEEDED)• DISADVANTAGES:
– BECOME DEPENDENT UPON NUKES– LEADS TO ARMS RACE– LOSE FLEXIBILITY & CAPABILITY TO FIGHT
LIMITED WARS (ALL OR NOTHING)– ALLIES MIGHT QUESTION U.S. RESOLVE TO
PROTECT THEM IF IT MEANS NUCLEAR WAR– EFFECTS OF RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT
(RADIATION)
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