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Data Visualization

CS 159.35/CS 295.S65

Reina ReyesAteneo de Manila University


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Tell (powerful) stories with (interesting) data.


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Outline

" Motivation

" Examples

" Process

" Tools

" Timeline

" Demo


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People are visual creatures.


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Illustration: Opinion piece on the Pork Barrel Issue

http://opinion.inquirer.net/61051/a-story-of-greed-and-abuse-of-power#ixzz2erDdHfuC%C2%A0


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Numbers can tell the most fascinating stories, and this one has to do with greed and abuse of power: the servants of the people conspiring with eachother to steal from their masters in even greater, mind-boggling magnitudes.Start with P720 million. That is the total amount of the first pork barrel in the form of the Mindanao Development Fund (P480 million) and the VisayasDevelopment Fund (P240 million). Established in 1989 by President Cory Aquino, who finally gave in to the importuning (I have personal knowledgeof this) of politicians.Continue with P2.3 billion. This is the increase in the pork barrel in 1990, one year later. It is now called the Countrywide Development Fund (CDF),because the Luzon politicians also wanted to partake of the pork. Note, Reader, that hardly had President Cory offered a hand of help to thelegislators than they reached for her whole arm (and seemed to have gotten it). Between one year and the next, the pork barrel more than tripled.Fast forward to 1996, when this newspaper came out with an expos detailing how members of both the legislative and executive branches were

dividing the pork among themselves, with the people, for whom the D in CDF was intended, allegedly getting, in the form of actual cost of theproject, as little as 7 percent and at most 40 percent of the funds intended for them. The restfrom 60 to 93 percentwas apparently being dividedamong the legislators (12-40 percent), the implementing agencies, the pre-bids and awards committees (plus the resident auditor), and the localgovernment units. Everybody had their hand in that pork barrel. As it turns out, the Deep Throat, the supplier of the information, was the sittingcongressman from Marikina, Romeo Candazo, who apparently could not stomach the situation.

At this point, it is appropriate to compare the pork-sharing system then and in the recent past, assuming that so-called whistle-blower Benhur Luystestimony is as unimpeachable as Candazos was 17 years ago: The numbers show that a) the legislators share (although Luy was referring only tosenators, because it was the Senate blue ribbon committee holding the hearing) of the pork has gone up from 40 percent at most to a definite 50percent, not including the share of their chiefs of staff at 5 percent; b) the rest of the gang (implementing agencies, executive agencies) get 10percent; and c) the NGOs and/or their mastermind get 35 percent. Which means that all the foregoing got the priority with respect to assistance,while the objects of development got absolutely zero.Theres more to come. There of course was public outrage and public outcry then (as there is now). And the government listened then, as it seemsto be listening now. Apparently, reforms were promised, but when that was not enough, the CDF was abolished in 2000. Does that sound familiar?

But, it was replaced. By the Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF). The same dogoops, pigwith a different collar, supposedly tighter, inthe form of much-ballyhooed safeguards with regard to type of projects, bidding, monitoring, vetting of NGOs, procedures, financial and liquidationrequirements, etc., etc. The same safeguards enumerated in the recent Commission on Audit report.But it would seem that, not content with PDAF, the legislators also introduced other forms of pork: The Various Infrastructure including Local Projects(VILP, also known as hard pork, to distinguish it from the PDAFs soft pork) came into being. The VILP, by the way, was more than double thePDAF, which means the pork barrel tripled in amount.Still not content with that, some legislators in the Arroyo administration realized that by reducing the assumed exchange rate for converting foreigndebt service into pesos, a lot of additional funds could be made available for congressional reallocation. Thus was born theCongressional Insertions (CI), which was more than double the VILP, and five times the PDAF.Now go to P83 billion. That was the amount of the pork barrel in 2009, which marks the 20th year of the pork barrel, and the almost-end of the

Arroyo administration. The pork was composed of the PDAF appropriations of P10 billion; VILP, P23 billion; and CI, P50 billion.Now compare the 1989 and 2009 numbers: 1989, P720 million; 2009, P83 billion. The pork barrel had increased by a factor of One Hundred Fifteen(115, i.e., 83 billion is 115 times 720 million). Now bring in another statistic: the increase in the general level of prices between 1989 and 2009. Pricesin 2009 were, on the average, four times those of prices in 1989.In other words, while the general level of prices went up fourfold, the pork barrel ballooned to 115 times its original level. Hows that for greed? Note,Reader, that the legislators were getting a much larger share of a humongously larger pork barrel.

Actually, the CI for 2010 amounted to an even larger P64 billion, but Gloria Arroyo gave a conditional vetoshe vetoed it unless funds other thanthe supposed savings from foreign exchange rates could be found. In spite of that, by the time the Aquino administration came in, at least one-thirdof the CI had been spent.It is to the credit of the present administration that it put a stop to the CI. It also folded the VILP into the PDAF for greater control (besides whichPublic Works Babes Singson didnt want the VILP in his budgetso he must have known the kind of hanky-panky that could take place).Unfortunately, this action was deliberately or unintentionally misunderstood, and P-Noy was accused of more than doubling the PDAF compared to

Arroyo. See how statistics can be misinterpreted?The good news is that from a high of P83 billion in 2009, the pork barrel plummeted to about P25 billion in 2012 (alas, the hanky-panky continues).

And it will be zero for 2014. But as we have seen, the PDAF is not the pork barrel. Until P-Noy says that he is abolishing the pork barrel, I will not besatisfied, and neither should anybody else. Weve been hoodwinked enough. Abolish the pork barrel. Not just the PDAF. Now.


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8/29http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/326487/opinion/a-visual-evolution-of-the-pork-barrel


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Putting the World in Perspective

IncomeperPersonoftheWorld

Life Expectancy of the World

Liechtenstein

Antigua&Barbuda

Dominica

Palau

NauruTuvalu

Seychelles

St. Kitts& Nevis

AndorraSan Marino

Monaco

St.Lucia

Panama

Sao Tomeand Principe

Tonga

Samoa

Grenada

Brunei

Comoros

Djibouti

Equatorial Guinea

Gabon

Luxembourg

Namibia

Swaziland

Timor-Leste

Micronesia

Trinidad and Tobago

Albania

Bhutan

Kiribati

Kosovo

Cyprus

Maldives

Slovenia

Suriname

Belize

Mauritius

Bahamas

Malta

Vanuatu

Montenegro

Estonia

Gambia

Guinea-BissauLesotho

Botswana

Mongolia

Oman

Qatar

Iceland

Barbados

BahrainCapeVerde

Latvia

SolomonIslands

Macedonia

Fiji

Guyana

Jamaica

St.Vincentand G.

Armenia

Lithuania

Uruguay

Mauritania

Moldova

Kuwait

Congo, Rep.

Liberia

Bosnia and H.Croatia

Lebanon

Israel

Costa Rica

Puerto Rico

New Zealand

Georgia

Central African Rep.

SwedenSingapore

Norway

Ireland

Finland

Austria

Turkmenistan

Slovak Rep.

Kyrgyzstan

Eritrea

DenmarkTaiwan

Papua New Guinea

Hong Kong

United Arab Emirates

South Sudan

Switzerland

Hungary

BelarusAzerbaijan

Dom.R.

Bulgaria

Serbia

Burundi

Libya

Nicaragua

Palestine

Sierra Leone

Laos

Benin

Guinea

Somalia

Tajikistan

Togo

El Salvador

Honduras ParaguayJordan

Poland

Bolivia

Haiti

Czech Rep.

Portugal

Tunisia

Rwanda

GreeceBelgium

Cuba

Chad

Senegal

Zimbabwe

Zambia

Cambodia

Ecuador

Guatemala

BurkinaFaso

MalawiNiger

Mali

Kazakhstan

Netherlands

Chile

Romania

Cameroon

Sri Lanka

Cote d'Ivoire

Angola

Madagascar

Syria

Australia

Mozambique

Yemen

North Korea

Afghanistan

Ghana

Nepal

Sudan

SaudiArabia

PeruVenezuela

Malaysia

Morocco

Uzbekistan

Italy

Spain

UKGermany

Canada

France

South Korea

Philippines

Vietnam

Ethiopia

Egypt

IranTurkey

Dem. Rep. Congo

Thailand

South Africa

Myanmar

Colombia

Ukraine

Tanzania

Kenya

Argentina

Algeria

Iraq

Uganda

ChinaBangladesh Indonesia

Pakistan

USA

Russia

Brazil

Nigeria

Japan

Mexico

India

2011 data for all 193 UN Members and forHong Kong, Kosovo, Palestine, Puerto

Rico and Taiwan.

Documentation andversion for print at:

3 orless

10100

1000millions

Colour by region

Size by population

If you want to see more data visit:

www.gapminder.org

Free to copy, share and

remix, but attribute to

Gapminder Foundation.

Version 11 September 2012

map

layoutbyPaoloFausone

.//-

GAPMINDER WORLD 2012Mapping the Wealth and Health of Nations

Healthy

Poor Rich

Sick

50

500 1 000 2 000 20 0005 000 10 000 50 000

60

70

80

55

65

75

in US Dollars

(GDP/capita, PPP$ ination adjusted, log scale)

iny

e

ars

www.gapminder.org; also look for TED talks by Hans Rosling (highly recommended!)
http://www.gapminder.org/http://www.gapminder.org/


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Putting the Philippines in Perspective


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Putting the Philippines in Perspective


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Just for fun!


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Just for fun!


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Charts made by Kamel Makhloufi

Each pixel represents a death (in the Iraq war):U.S. soldiers blue, Iraqi troops green,enemies grey, and civilians orange.
http://melka.one.free.fr/


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Start with questions

" Who is your audience?

" What questions do they have?

" What answers do you find for them?

" What other questions does it inspire?

" What conversations will result?

From Visual Analysis Best Practices: Simple Tips for Making Every Data Visualization Useful and Beautiful.

Tableau Software White Paper. Available at: http://www.tableausoftware.com/asset/10-tips-to-create-useful-

beautiful-visualizations
http://www.tableausoftware.com/asset/10-tips-to-create-useful-beautiful-visualizations


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Data Cake

http://epicgraphic.com/data-cake/


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Data Cake

Get Data

Check Data

Clean Data


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Data Cake

Analyze Data

Visualize Data


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Data Cake

Design Chart

Design Graphic

Write text for the reader


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Data Cake

Tell the story

Get reader feedback


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Tools

" Out-of-the-Box Software

" Microsoft Excel, Google Spreadsheet

" Tableau Software (Public, Desktop, Server, Online)

"

Programming" Python, R

" HMTL, Javascript and CSS, Flash and Actionscript

" Illustration" Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape

" Pen and paper


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Tools

" Maps

" Google Maps, OpenStreetMaps (API)

" Python, R

" ModestMaps, Kartograph, MapBox

" Big Data

" Python, R

" Hadoop

" Databases - SQL, noSQL


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Tools - for this class

" Python

" Matplotlib - matplotlib.org

"

d3 Javascript library" d3js.org
http://d3js.org/


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Timeline

Python

d3


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Demo!


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Homework

Show and Tell - your favorite data visualization

Bring your laptop - setup work environment

(Python, etc.)


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Your first chart Import libraries:

from numpy import *

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

Define variables:

xvar = array([1,2,3,4,5])

yvar = xvar*2

Make scatter plot of x vs. y

plt.clf()

plt.plot(xvar,yvar,ko)


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Customize your plot

plt.xlim((0,5))

plt.ylim((0,5))

Label your plot

plt.xlabel(variable X)

plt.ylabel(variable Y)

plt.title(My first Python plot)

Save to file

plt.savefig(my_first_chart.png)

Your first chart

Download - Data Visualization: Slides Overview

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