DATA SOURCES ON PERSONS DATA SOURCES ON PERSONS IN NEED OF INTERNATIONAL IN NEED OF INTERNATIONAL
PROTECTIONPROTECTIONRefugees, asylum-seekers, internallly displaced and stateless Refugees, asylum-seekers, internallly displaced and stateless
personspersons
Khassoum DIALLOKhassoum DIALLOSnr StatisticianSnr Statistician
UNHCRUNHCR
UNECE-UNFPA workshop on migration statistics, Istanbul 6-8 December 2010UNECE-UNFPA workshop on migration statistics, Istanbul 6-8 December 2010
OUTLINEOUTLINE
CONTEXT: MIGRATION ASYLUM NEXUSCONTEXT: MIGRATION ASYLUM NEXUSREFUGEES: A COMPONENT OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONREFUGEES: A COMPONENT OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONUNHCR MANDATE ON REPORTING REFUGEES, ASYLUM-UNHCR MANDATE ON REPORTING REFUGEES, ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND STATELESS PERSONSSEEKERS AND STATELESS PERSONSSCOPE OF FORCED DISPLACEMENTSCOPE OF FORCED DISPLACEMENTDATA SOURCES FOR MEASURING FORCED DISPLACEMENTDATA SOURCES FOR MEASURING FORCED DISPLACEMENTFOCUS ON ADMINSTRATIVE SOURCESFOCUS ON ADMINSTRATIVE SOURCESCHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIESCHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
CONTEXTCONTEXT
Migration-asylum nexus: UNHCR 10-point plan Migration-asylum nexus: UNHCR 10-point plan and the MEDSTAT MED-HIMS projectand the MEDSTAT MED-HIMS project
Cluster approach: Need for better data Cluster approach: Need for better data
Results-Based ManagementResults-Based Management
Performance monitoring and accountability: Performance monitoring and accountability: UNHCR, Governments and Donors.UNHCR, Governments and Donors.
Advocacy for evidence based decision making.Advocacy for evidence based decision making.
UNHCR’s protection mandate: Basis UNHCR’s protection mandate: Basis for statistical reportingfor statistical reporting
RefugeesRefugees– 1950 Statute of the Office of the UNHCR1950 Statute of the Office of the UNHCR– 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees– 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees
States parties shall provide UNHCR with statistical information on the number and conditions States parties shall provide UNHCR with statistical information on the number and conditions of refugees in their countries …. The UNHCR shall collect data on refugees and report.of refugees in their countries …. The UNHCR shall collect data on refugees and report.
Stateless persons (refugees & non-refugees)Stateless persons (refugees & non-refugees)– 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless persons1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless persons– 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness– ExCom conclusionsExCom conclusions
Collection and reporting of information on Statelessness.Collection and reporting of information on Statelessness.
Internally displaced persons (IDPs)Internally displaced persons (IDPs)– Request from Security Council/Secretary-GeneralRequest from Security Council/Secretary-General– UN reform on IDP issues: Interagency Cluster approachUN reform on IDP issues: Interagency Cluster approach
Primary responsibility of collecting information on IDPs lies with Cluster leads. UNHCR is Primary responsibility of collecting information on IDPs lies with Cluster leads. UNHCR is cluster lead for Protection, Camp Coordination and Management and Emergency Shelter.cluster lead for Protection, Camp Coordination and Management and Emergency Shelter.
ARE REFUGEES ARE REFUGEES INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS?INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS?YESYES– They crossed international borderThey crossed international border– Citizen from another country / change of usual place of residenceCitizen from another country / change of usual place of residence– Duration of stay can be decades in protracted situationsDuration of stay can be decades in protracted situations– UN RecommendationsUN Recommendations
What is specific to refugees vs other migrantsWhat is specific to refugees vs other migrants – Legal perspective (1951 convention, Legal perspective (1951 convention, non-refoulement, non-refoulement,
rights of refugeesrights of refugees) international human rights etc.) international human rights etc.– Different treatment by asylum statesDifferent treatment by asylum states– Data protection and confidentialityData protection and confidentiality
SCOPE OF FORCED DISPLACEMENTSCOPE OF FORCED DISPLACEMENT
GENERAL MIGRATION ~ 200 GENERAL MIGRATION ~ 200 million in 2008million in 2008
REFUGEE AND ASYLUM REFUGEE AND ASYLUM SEEKERS ~ 16 million Jan SEEKERS ~ 16 million Jan 2009 (8%)2009 (8%)
IDPs (26 million) : 980,000 in IDPs (26 million) : 980,000 in the regionthe region
Total population of concern in Total population of concern in the region: 1,3 millionthe region: 1,3 million
Total refugeesAsylum-seekers (pending cases)
Returned
refugees5
Total IDPs protected/ assisted
by UNHCR Returned IDPs7 Stateless persons8 Various9Total population of
concern
10,478,621 827,323 603,943 14,405,405 1,361,436 6,572,167 166,856 34,415,751
Country/territory of asylumTotal
refugees
Asylum-seekers (pending
cases)
Stateless
persons8
Armenia11 3,953 171 -
Azerbaijan 2,061 41 2,078
Georgia 996 19 1,544
Kazakhstan 4,352 126 7,602
Kyrgyzstan 375 765 19,943
Rep. of Moldova 148 33 1,807
Russian Federation 3,479 1,800 50,000
Tajikistan 1,799 46 249
Turkmenistan 79 - 8,500
Uzbekistan 821 - -
Belarus 609 54 7,818
Ukraine 7,201 1,307 56,350
Total 25,873 4,362 155,891
Sources of forced migration dataSources of forced migration data
Administrative sources Administrative sources – Administrative data are routinely collected information as a by-product of the Administrative data are routinely collected information as a by-product of the
regular functions of an agency or institution but not necessarily for statistical regular functions of an agency or institution but not necessarily for statistical purposes. In the process of its work an organization may record and register purposes. In the process of its work an organization may record and register information related to information related to its its laws and procedures. laws and procedures.
– Examples: population registers, work permit records, border control data.Examples: population registers, work permit records, border control data.
SurveysSurveys– Household surveys (labour force surveys, LSMS, MICS)Household surveys (labour force surveys, LSMS, MICS)– Establishment surveysEstablishment surveys– Special migrant surveys - UK passenger surveySpecial migrant surveys - UK passenger survey
Censuses (population stocks)Censuses (population stocks)– Migration stocksMigration stocks– Refugee stocksRefugee stocks– Stateless personsStateless persons
METHODS & DATA SOURCESMETHODS & DATA SOURCES
Main sources of data, 2006-08
Gvt and UNHCR, 25%
NGOs, 4%Government
only, 29%
UNHCR only, 31%
Various, 12%
Basis for UNHCR data, 2006-08
Estimation only, 21%
Surveys/Various, 8%Registration &
Estimation, 18%
Registration only, 53%
Refugee Type
Country or territory data of
of asylum Provider1 Basis2 procedure3
Armenia G/U R/S G
Azerbaijan G/U R G/U
Belarus G/V R G/U
Georgia G R G
Kazakhstan G/U/N R/E/S U
Kyrgyzstan G/U/V R G/U
Rep. of Moldova G R G
Russian Federation G/U R G
Tajikistan G/U R G/U
Turkmenistan U R U
Ukraine G/N R/E G/U
Uzbekistan U R -1 Provider: G = Government, U = UNHCR, N = NGO, V = Various/other/unknown.2 Basis: R = Registration/census, E = Estimate, S = Survey, C=Census, V = Various/other3 Type of refugee status determination procedure: G = Government, U = UNHCR.
METHODS & DATA SOURCES IN CIS METHODS & DATA SOURCES IN CIS COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES
Major admin sources for migration and Major admin sources for migration and asylum data in the regionasylum data in the region
Border statistics (data systems and migration Border statistics (data systems and migration cards)cards)Population registers (e.g. Moldova)Population registers (e.g. Moldova)Foreigners‘ register (e.g. Russia)Foreigners‘ register (e.g. Russia)Permits statistics (work, residence, stateless)Permits statistics (work, residence, stateless)Registration of forced migration (Government or Registration of forced migration (Government or UNHCR registration records) e.g. KAZ, MDA, TKMUNHCR registration records) e.g. KAZ, MDA, TKMNaturalization statisticsNaturalization statistics
Admin sources: ProsAdmin sources: Pros
Purpose of migration Purpose of migration
FlowsFlows
Routinely collected by potential usersRoutinely collected by potential users
Great potential for statistical analysisGreat potential for statistical analysis
Great potential for data sharingGreat potential for data sharing
Great support for evidence based policy Great support for evidence based policy development and decision makingdevelopment and decision making
Admin sources: ConsAdmin sources: Cons
MaintenanceMaintenance
Updating Updating
CoverageCoverage
Evaluation criteria for the dataEvaluation criteria for the data
Accuracy, Accuracy, reliabilityreliability and and validity validityCCoverageoverage – partial or comprehensive – officially – partial or comprehensive – officially recorded only. regular and irregular migrationrecorded only. regular and irregular migrationTimeliness and frequencyTimeliness and frequencyCConsistencyonsistency: : – whether definitions, coverage change over time.whether definitions, coverage change over time.
Relevance and usefulnessRelevance and usefulnessCComparabilityomparability – across countries & over time; – across countries & over time; international standardsinternational standardsAAccess and transparencyccess and transparency
Scope and DefinitionsScope and Definitions– Asylum migration nexus, national vs internationalAsylum migration nexus, national vs international– Terminology: Who is a refugee, a stateless person, an IDP? Terminology: Who is a refugee, a stateless person, an IDP? – Time, location, distance, causesTime, location, distance, causes– Main purpose not for statisticsMain purpose not for statistics
Data sources and triangulation processesData sources and triangulation processes– Coverage: Key information are missingCoverage: Key information are missing– Register updating/deregistrationRegister updating/deregistration– Sources for triangulation Sources for triangulation – Data collection methodologies and toolsData collection methodologies and tools– Lack of coordination between different national agencies collecting dataLack of coordination between different national agencies collecting data
Data qualityData quality– Timeliness in rapidly changing situationsTimeliness in rapidly changing situations– Updating, processing and dissemination processes not adequateUpdating, processing and dissemination processes not adequate– Comparability, scopeComparability, scope– Compliance with recommendations (UN, UNECE, UNHCR)Compliance with recommendations (UN, UNECE, UNHCR)
Human resourcesHuman resources– Skills and training: Skills and training: Data are collected routinely but not processed– Translation of findings: Translation of findings: Poor interaction between the users and producers of data– Data confidentiality – security relatedData confidentiality – security related– Uses of data for informed decision makingUses of data for informed decision making
Key challengesKey challenges
Impact of ignoring displaced persons in Impact of ignoring displaced persons in figuresfigures??
Displaced persons can be a significant share of the Displaced persons can be a significant share of the de de factofacto population of some countries population of some countriesAre often one of most vulnerable group of peopleAre often one of most vulnerable group of peopleMillennium Development Goals need to include these Millennium Development Goals need to include these groups to be achievedgroups to be achievedRefugee camps never appear as official locations in Refugee camps never appear as official locations in country maps and development plans (e.g. refugee country maps and development plans (e.g. refugee complex Dadaab in Kenya = 4complex Dadaab in Kenya = 4thth largest pop. center) largest pop. center)
Uses of StatisticsUses of Statistics
Advocacy and raising awareness Advocacy and raising awareness Results based managementResults based managementPrioritization of interventions based on gap Prioritization of interventions based on gap assessment and statistical trendsassessment and statistical trendsFinding durable solutions for refugeesFinding durable solutions for refugeesFundraisingFundraisingMeeting special needs of certain groupsMeeting special needs of certain groups
Good practices: Country and Good practices: Country and regional networksregional networks
European / Asian programme on forced European / Asian programme on forced displacement and migrationdisplacement and migration– Country level network of data producers and Country level network of data producers and
usersusers– Regional networkRegional network– Data exchange platform (core indicators, Data exchange platform (core indicators,
website, focal point system etc.).website, focal point system etc.).
THE MEDSTAT PROJECTTHE MEDSTAT PROJECT
UNHCR AS A PARTNERUNHCR AS A PARTNER
COMPILATION/COLLECTION OF DATA ON COMPILATION/COLLECTION OF DATA ON PERSONS OF CONCERN (Over 130 countries)PERSONS OF CONCERN (Over 130 countries)
SUPPORT IN DATA COLLECTIONSUPPORT IN DATA COLLECTION
REPORTING/DATA DISSEMINATION (Online REPORTING/DATA DISSEMINATION (Online database, Statistical Yearbook etc.)database, Statistical Yearbook etc.)
Website: www.unhcr.org/statistics.htmlWebsite: www.unhcr.org/statistics.html
Contact: [email protected]: [email protected]
Thank you