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Danish experience of offshore wind energy in relation to the interests of
coastal municipalities and communities
Coastal and Maritime Spatial Planning in Pärnu Bay Area and Coastal Municipalities of Latvia
by
Hans Chr. Soerensen, PhD Board member Danish Turbine Owners Association
CEO SPOK ApS
2015 H C Soerensen [email protected] 1 Danish experience local involvement offshore wind
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Disposition
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 2
• Background Hans Chr. Sørensen
• Danish wind - energy regulative rules
• Danish wind - who’s responsible where
• Danish offshore wind - examples
• Danish offshore wind - some results
• References
• Danish wind energy – background information
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Background H C Sørensen
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 3
Business and university background
–PhD, 40 years with business development
Project management large projects
–Ocean wave energy (Wave Dragon), Tidal current (Tideng)
–Offshore wind (Middelgrunden 40 MW, Samsø 23 MW, Hvidovre 7.2 MW)
Committees
–Danish Wind Turbine Owners Association, board
–European Ocean Energy Association, vice president to 2011
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Lynetten wind farm 7 @ 600 kW in 1996
[email protected] 4 2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind
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Disposition
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 5
• Background Hans Chr. Sørensen
• Danish wind energy - regulative rules
• Danish wind - who’s responsible where
• Danish offshore wind - examples
• Danish offshore wind - some results
• References
• Danish wind energy – background information
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Regulative rules
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 6
• Onshore wind
• Offshore wind - Action plan projects
• Offshore wind - Near shore projects
• Offshore wind - Open door principle
• Offshore wind – Test zones
• Offshore wind – Land fall
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Regulative rules
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 7
• Onshore wind:
o The Municipality has the planning authority
• Conflicts:
oGovernment decide energy targets; Municipalities (98) decide where or not
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Denmark 98 Municipalities
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 8
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Where are the turbines?
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 9
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Regulative rules
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 10
• Onshore wind
• Offshore wind - Action plan projects
• Offshore wind - Near shore projects
• Offshore wind - Open door principle
• Offshore wind – Test zones
• Offshore wind – Land fall
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Regulative rules
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 11
• Offshore wind - Action plan projects:
o The Danish Energy Authority has the planning authority
o The “One stop procedure”, all objections to DEA
• Conflicts:
oOnly with the users of the sea, minimum 20 km’s from the coast where no visual impact
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Offshore action plan
2015 H C Soerensen [email protected] 12
•Minimum 400MW • Typically >20 km
from shore • Subjected to
tender based on lowest price for first 50,000 full load hours
• There after market price
•No coop involvement
Danish experience local involvement offshore wind
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The Horns Rev offshore farm
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 13
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Regulative rules
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 14
• Onshore wind
• Offshore wind - Action plan projects
• Offshore wind - Near shore projects
• Offshore wind - Open door principle
• Offshore wind – Test zones
• Offshore wind – Land fall
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Regulative rules
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 15
• Offshore wind – Near shore projects:
o The Danish Energy Authority has the planning authority
oAn Express of Interest has been used
o The “One stop procedure”, all objections to DEA
• Conflicts:
oVisual impact, local interest/objections may not be taken into account
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The process of near shore projects
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 16
• An Express of Interest has been used
o The target was 450 MW later reduced to 350 MW
o The EoI proposed more than 3,000 MW
oAll projects where local municipalities and Ministry of Environment had objections were excluded, like
Minimum 4 km’s to shore or nature reserve
No projects where the Municipality was negative
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Near shore wind - Screening
2015 H C Soerensen [email protected] 17
• Short list after first screening
Danish experience local involvement offshore wind
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Near shore wind - Excluded
2015 H C Soerensen [email protected] 18
• By ship traffic
reasons
Danish experience local involvement offshore wind
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Near shore wind – Excluded
around Copenhagen even though
proposed by the Copenhagen Municipality
2015 H C Soerensen [email protected] 19
• By too near Natura
2000 reasons
• By one local
Municipality reason
Danish experience local involvement offshore wind
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Near shore wind 2013-2022
2015 H C Soerensen [email protected] 20
• Near Shore 350 MW
reduced from 450
• Test 50 MW
Danish experience local involvement offshore wind
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Regulative rules
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 21
• Onshore wind
• Offshore wind - Action plan projects
• Offshore wind - Near shore projects
• Offshore wind - Open door principle
• Offshore wind – Test zones
• Offshore wind – Land fall
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Regulative rules
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 22
• Offshore wind –Open door principle projects:
o Every body can apply; only onshore incentives are granted and subsea cables have to be provided by the developer
o The “One stop procedure”, all objections to DEA
• Conflicts:
oVisual impact, local interest/objections may not be taken into account
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Middelgrunden 40 MW
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 23
Example: Open door principle:
The farm is constructed on a reef called Middelgrunden with a water depth of 1-6 m deep
Copenhagen
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Middelgrunden
40 MW Wind Farm in 2000
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 24
The Copenhagen Municipality has no more to say than all other parties.
The final decision by Danish Energy Authority
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Kalundborg example
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Example: Open door principle conflict: The farm is planned 4 km’s from shore in an area excluded by the local municipality
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Kalundborg example
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 26
Example: Open door principle conflict: The farm is planned 4 km’s from shore in an area excluded by the local municipality caused by nature interest and many summer houses
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Regulative rules
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 27
• Onshore wind
• Offshore wind - Action plan projects
• Offshore wind - Near shore projects
• Offshore wind - Open door principle
• Offshore wind – Test zones
• Offshore wind – Land fall
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Regulative rules
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• Offshore wind – Test zones
o Is following same rules as near shore projects
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Regulative rules
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 29
• Onshore wind
• Offshore wind - Action plan projects
• Offshore wind - Near shore projects
• Offshore wind - Open door principle
• Offshore wind – Test zones
• Offshore wind – Land fall
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Regulative rules
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• Offshore wind – Land fall
o All land activities are regulated by the Municipality
• Conflicts:
oMunicipality has to agree with Danish Energy Authority
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Example of potential conflict
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 31
Grid connection point onshore from offshore wind farm; 33 kV from the sea
and 150 kV existing onshore grid
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Grid: Two options
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 32
Replacement
old overhead
line proposed (from EIA report)
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One of many GIS layers in EIA report
Here about culture
environment
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Disposition
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 34
• Background Hans Chr. Sørensen
• Danish wind energy - regulative rules
• Danish wind - who’s responsible where
• Danish offshore wind - examples
• Danish offshore wind - some results
• References
• Danish wind energy – background information
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Hvidovre 2009/2011
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Hvidovre /Avedøre 3 @ 3.6MW
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Planning process Hvidovre 20 meter offshore (moved out into the sea in order to be
ready by December 2009
• Now formal role of Municipality
• The project group (Utility and NGO group) decided to give Veto to the Municipality in order to have good public acceptance
[email protected] 36 2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement wind
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Planning process Hvidovre Public acceptance
• Visual impact
• Noise
• Shadow
[email protected] 2015 HC Soerensen 37
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Disposition
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 38
• Background Hans Chr. Sørensen
• Danish wind energy -regulative rules
• Danish wind - who’s responsible where
• Danish offshore wind - examples
• Danish offshore wind - some results
• References
• Danish wind energy – background information
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Results environment
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 39
Can be downloaded from www.ens.dk together with the follow up report
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Results environment marine mammals, seals
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Results environment birds
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Disposition
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 42
• Background Hans Chr. Sørensen
• Danish wind - energy regulative rules
• Danish wind - who’s responsible where
• Danish offshore wind - examples
• Danish offshore wind - some results
• References
• Danish wind energy – background information
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References
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 43
• Kystnære havmøller i Danmark - Screening af havmølleplaceringer indenfor 20 km fra kysten, Juni 2012, Draft for public consultation; www.ens.dk
• Betingelser for udbud af etablering af 350 MW havvindkapacitet i kystnære områder Foreløbige udbudsbetingelser offentliggjort 4. maj 2015. Version 1.0 Endelige udbudsbetingelser forventes offentliggjort i januar 2016 efter forhandlinger med de prækvalificerede bydere
• EIA: grid: VESTERHAV NORD HAVMØLLEPARK ATR 19 Arealinteresser - Onshore og offshore arealbindinger. April 2015
• www.ens.dk/undergrund-forsyning/vedvarende-energi/vindkraft-vindmoller/havvindmoller/kystnaere-havmolleparke-12
• www.energinet.dk/DA/El/Vindmoeller/For-kommuner/Sider/default.aspx • Soerensen, Hans Chr. et al. (2002): Experience with and strategies for public involvement in offshore wind projects,
Int. Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, V.1, No.4, 2002, pp 327-336 • Law no. 1392 of 27. December 2008 about promotion of RE (om fremme af vedvarende energi), last change law no.
622 of 11. June 2010 (VE-loven) • Danish Energy Authority (2007): Future Offshore Wind Power Sites – 2025, (“Action plan for offshore wind”), UK
Summary 11 pp • Soerensen, Hans Chr. et. al. (2009): Experiences from Middelgrunden 40 MW Offshore Wind Farm, Copenhagen
Offshore Wind, 8pp. • Soerensen, Hans Chr. (2009): Hvidovre Offshore Wind Farm, EWEA Offshore wind conference, Sweden, 8 pp • www.dkvind.dk • www.middelgrund.com; www.lynettenvind.dk; www.hvidovrevindmollelaug; www.middelgrunden.dk
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Disposition
2015 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement offshore wind [email protected] 44
• Background Hans Chr. Sørensen
• Danish wind energy - regulative rules
• Danish wind - who’s responsible where
• Danish offshore wind - examples
• Danish offshore wind - some results
• References
• Danish wind energy – background information
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The general conditions for wind farms
2014 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement wind [email protected] 45
• 50% of electricity consumption by 2020 – today 39% • Power produced to be bought by Transmission System
Operator (TSO) - standard PPA • Price - premium tariff on top of market price1:
• First (22,000 hours x rated power): +33.6€/MWh • Wind producer to pay cost for balancing, but compensation paid
with 3.1 €/MWh
• Offshore farms within Action Plan: tender procedure
1 market price mean value 2009: 50€/MWh - 2011: 43€/MWh – 2012: 32€/MWh
2014: 29€/MWh - but varies and can even be negative
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Growth in wind energy Denmark
2014 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement wind [email protected] 46
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Offshore - onshore
2014 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement wind [email protected] 47
2014: 39% of electricity
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The development up to 2008
2014 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement wind [email protected] 48
Today 4800 MW - 5200 turbines
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The development from 2008
2014 H C Soerensen Danish experience local involvement wind [email protected] 49
0
100
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300
400
500
600
700
800
0
100
200
300
400
500
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1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
2012
Kap
acit
et
(MW
)/ C
ap
acit
y (
MW
)
An
tal
an
læg
/Tu
rbin
es
År/Year
Årlig tilvækst i anlæg og kapacitet/ Annual growth in number of turbines and capacity Danmark/Denmark
Antal/No MW
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Economic Potential North Sea trans-national
Map of economic potential in the WINDSPEED area for each scenario: Little Will Little Wind [bottom left], Going Solo [top left], In the Deep [bottom right] and Grand Design [top right ]
4 scenarios
WindSpeed
project
Source: www.windspeed.eu
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Economic Potential North Sea trans-national
2014 H C Soerensen [email protected] 51 Danish Experience Coop
15,000 GW in the
North Sea - then
we need sub sea
cables