Download - Damage to “where” pathway
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Damage to “where” pathway
Abnormal motion processing & Visuspatial neglect
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Akinetopsia
• Clinical features– Can’t see moving objects
(as if under strobe lights); can see still objects
– People appear suddenly• Neuropathology
– BL lesion to area MT (V5; T-O-P junction)
– UL lesions cause subtle defects
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Akinetopsia
• Clinical features– Can’t see moving objects
(as if under strobe lights); can see still objects
– People appear suddenly• Neuropathology
– BL lesion to area MT (V5; T-O-P junction)
– UL lesions cause subtle defects
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Emotion Localization
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Time, sequence, attention and space
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Parietal lobe
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Parietal lobe
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(from Lynch, Mountcastle, Talbot, and Yin, Journal of Physiology, 1977)
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Neglect syndrome
(right parietal association cortex)
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Spatial relationshipsdistorted
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Spatial relationshipsdistorted
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Left parietal
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Parietal lobe
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• Acalculia • Language• Agraphia• Apraxia
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Bilateral Parietal Damage (Balint's Syndrome)
• Impaired control over the focus of visual attention due to inattentional amnesia
• Complex defects in perception of visual object structure, motion and depth.
• Neglect (hemifield)
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Bilateral Parietal Damage (Balint's Syndrome)
• SIMULTANAGNOSIA : Inability to interpret the totality of a picture scene (can identify individual portions of the whole picture)
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Bilateral Parietal Damage (Balint's Syndrome)
• Simultanagnosia: Inability to interpret the totality of a picture scene (can identify individual portions of the whole picture)
• Optic ataxia: Defects of visually guided hand movement
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Bilateral Parietal Damage (Balint's Syndrome)
• Simultanagnosia: Inability to interpret the totality of a picture scene (can identify individual portions of the whole picture)
• Optic ataxia: Defects of visually guided hand movement
• Ocular apraxia: Inability to voluntarily move eyes to objects of interest (difficulty volitionally redirecting gaze
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language
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Paul Brocaphysician, anatomist, anthropologist
1824-1880
L’Hopital Royal de BicestreParis
about 1750
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Brain of “Tan” Leborgne(for the last 20 years of his life,
the only word M. Leborgne could say was “tan”)
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Broca Aphasia (Expressive aphasia)
Broca's aphasia - Sarah Scott - teenage stroke
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aplTvEQ6ew
Left hemisphere
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Wernicke Aphasia (Receptive aphasia)
Wernicke's Aphasia Interview with Amelia Carter
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtadyCc_ybo
Left hemisphere
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language
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language
117
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(right hemisphere)
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Prosody of speech
(right hemisphere)
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Frontal lobe
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Effect of damage in the Supplementary Motor Area:difficulty in using two hands together
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Plans for Action
(prefrontal cortex)
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Functions of the prefrontal cortex:
1) PlanningThis is the area where volition, thinking ahead, problem
solving are located. Before you can have these, and do them flexibly, fluently, adaptively, have to inhibit more primitive,
automatic, instinctive behavior patterns; hence
2) Inhibition
3) Selectivity
‘I will do this, I will not do that’
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Phineas Gage
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Prefrontal Cortex Damage:
• Lack of foresight• Frequent stubbornness• Inattentive and moody• Lack of ambitions, sense of
responsibility, sense of propriety (rude)
• Less creative and unable to plan forthe future
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Pay attention to
• Drugs
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Pay attention to
• Drugs• Transient problems (CO )
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Pay attention to
• Drugs• Transient problems (CO )• Chronic problems (alcohol )
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Pay attention to
• Drugs• Transient problems (CO )• Chronic problems (alcohol )• MS
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Pay attention to
• Drugs• Transient problems (CO )• Chronic problems (alcohol )• MS• Degeneration (Alzheimer )