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CZO
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Southern Sierra CZO: snowline processes
CZO
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Water balance instrument cluster
Southern Sierra CZO
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Southern Sierra CZO team
Principal investigators
Roger Bales, UC Merced
Beth Boyer, UC Berkeley
Martha Conklin, UC Merced
Mike Goulden, UC Irvine
Jan Hopmans, UC Davis
Dale Johnson, U Nevada Reno
Jim Kirchner, UC Berkeley
Christina Tague, UC Santa Barbara
Carolyn Hunsaker, USFS-PSW
Research team
9 students, TBD
Field hydrologist/geochemist
Data manager
Education/communications scientist
Cooperating investigators & students, TBD
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Proposed research investigations
1. water cycle & response to perturbations: rain vs. snow dominance, baseflow response, soil moisture, ET & snow patterns/responses
2. coupled hydrologic & (bio)geochemical processes/cycles: soil moisture controls on C/N cycles, weathering & landscape evolution
3. extreme hydrologic events in hydrologic & biogeochemical cycles: linking weathering & nutrient fluxes to fire/rain/snowmelt
4. vegetation control over fluxes of water & nutrients: linking ET, synthesis, respiration to soil moisture & water cycle
5. pathways for transport of water, heat & mass: subsurface pathways, role of meadows, nutrient response to rain vs. snowmelt
6. role of seasonal snowpack in determining critical zone processes: role of snowpack (duration) in N cycling & weathering
Education: train YI instructors & bring more CZ science into their curriculum – about 13,000 middle/high school students cycle through YI 3-5 day courses in the Sierra Nevada annually (near UC Merced)
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Gradients in hydrology & geochemistry
Cumulative discharge for 3 catchments, water year 2004
Major ions in streamwater
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Southern Sierra CZO measurements
KREW measurements by PSW
stream stage & discharge
stream channel
stream condition inventory
stream physical habitat survey
erosion & sedimentation
geology
soils & litter
shallow soil water chemistry
snowmelt & rain chemistry
stream water chemistry
riparian & upland vegetation
fuel loading
stream invertebrates
algae & periphyton
Instrument grant & CZO additions
flux tower, eddy correlation
snow depth
soil moisture
sap flow
cosmogenic nuclides
high-frequency, high-resolution stream temperature
water levels, piezometersstable isotopescarbon & nitrogen cycling
Digital library: https://eng.ucmerced.edu/snsjho/
KREW is a USFS long-term integrated watershed study
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Southern Sierra CZO:snowline processes
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Goal: understand how critical-zone processes control fluxes & stores of water across the landscape & how the water cycle modulates
(bio)geochemical, biological, geomorphological & soil processes
Five questions define & focus the core measurements & research: i) how do coupled hydrologic & biogeochemical fluxes vary across the
rain-snow transitionii) what is the role of extreme hydrologic events in water &
biogeochemical balancesiii) to what extent does vegetation modulate or actively control the
primary subsurface fluxes of water & nutrients, vs. act as a passive agent
iv) over what time & space scales, & during what seasons, are macropores & other short-circuit pathways dominant in the critical zone
v) how does the presence of a seasonal snowpack affect soils, geomorphology, biogeochemistry & hydrology in Sierra watersheds & hillslopes, & how will the relevant processes & reservoirs respond as the climate warms & snowpacks recede
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Instrument sites
soil moisture, snow, sap flow
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Soils grid
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Sediment grid
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Vegetation grid
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Riparian transects