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D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 1
Current Mercury Monitoring Approaches in Tribal Country
David Gay
NADP Program Office, [email protected], http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu, (217) 244-0462
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D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 2
What Can Be Measured?
Mercury Cycle
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D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 3
Deposition is a very good starting point!
• It is the starting place of Hg moving into the biosphere;
• It is rather simple,• Straightforward• Inexpensive
• Little training or experience needed.
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Bioaccumulation of Methyl Mercury
Bacterial action(water and sediment)
Zooplankton Small fish predatory fish
Water Body/pore water
Me-Mercury
Concentration
Dry DepositionWet Deposition Geologic Sources
(soil, rock, base flow etc.)
Methylation
Hg Hg Hg
Through Fall(wet+dry)
Litter Fall
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How Mercury is Wet Deposited?
Hgo
RGMHgp
Hgp
RGM
HgoHgp
RGM
rainout
washout
Oxidation (long lifetime)
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Wet depositio
n Mercury sample
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D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 7
Tribal Lands and Mercury Sources
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What is theNADP?
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• A Cooperative Research Program (Un. Of Illinois)– Measure wet deposition, dry deposition &
litterfall concentrations of mercury
– North America• Taiwan, Mexico, South America
– Owned and operated by our members– Decisions made by our members– Started in 1978, 35th year
– Over 400,000 precipitation samples
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drywet
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D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 11
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Wet Deposition
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Mercury Deposition Network (MDN)
Collects one-week precipitation-only sampleswith MDN wet-dry collector
Measures precipitation with gage
AnalysesTotal MercuryMethyl MercuryOther options
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Typical Wet Deposition Site (MDN)
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Wet Deposition Collection
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Mercury Deposition Network
Brief Look at Frontier Geosciences, Analytical
Laboratory
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Dry Deposition
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drywet
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Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS)
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Atmospheric Mercury Network (AMNet)
Atmospheric Mercury, Cape Hedo, Okinawa, 2004
0
1
2
3
4
5
84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120
Julian Day, UTC, 2004
Elem
enta
l Hg
(ng/
m3 ) a
nd C
O
(ppb
/100
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
PHg
and
RG
M (p
g/m
3 )
Hg(0) PHg RGM CO
• A New NADP Network
• Measure:– Hg species (Tekran system)– meteorology and land cover
variables
• Elemental mercury (Hg0)• Gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM)• Particulate bound mercury (PBM)
• Estimate Dry Deposition
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Coming Soon: Dry Deposition Estimates
• flux (F ) = air concentration x dry deposition velocity (Vd)
F= Vdeposition * Concentrationair
where:
• Ra as aerodynamic resistance, Rb as quasi-laminar resistance, and Rc as canopy resistance
cba
d
RRR1 V
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Product
• Weekly estimates of dry deposition of – GOM– PBM2.5
• To align with weekly wet deposition values – (wet + dry ~ total)
• Downward dry deposition of GEM– Working & coming soon– No evasion estimate (re-emission)– Not net deposition
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Mercury Deposition Network
New Trial Network, Litterfall Mercury
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ResultsAnd what can be done with this information
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D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 30
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D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 31
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D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 32
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D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 33
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D. Gay, Schmeltz, Sharac, Nat. Tribal Conf. for Env. Management, Billings, MT, June 26, 2008, Slide 34
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Mercury Deposition Network
New NADP Trial Network: Mercury Litterfall
• Started in 2012
• In cooperation with USGSand USGS Mercury Research Lab
• 14 stations (w/MDN)
• Monthly observations (May to Nov)
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Network Cost
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What Are People Doings with Our
data?
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• What factors are affecting fish concentrations of Hg?– Water pH– Total dissolved solids– Dissolved sulfate
• Hg is overwhelmingly deposition
• Overwhelmingly anthropogenic
Wiener et al., 2006Environmental Science and Technology Vol 40 p 6261.
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Mercury in Human Hair, By Region
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Mercury Deposition Higher in Urban Areas
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Gold Mining Locations important to Western Sites
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Typical Mercury Concentrations in Fish
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Trends In Precipitation Concentration
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Questions and Answers
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Current Mercury Monitoring Approaches in Tribal Country
David Gay
NADP Program Office, [email protected], http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu, (217) 244-
0462