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Not All Pronouns are Resolved Rapidly Online!Joshua K. Hartshorne & Jesse Snedeker!

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Speed of First-Mention Effect

Tim

e A

t Su

cces

sful

Res

olut

ion

Mean Age of Participants

(Song & Fisher, 2005)

(Song & Fisher, 2005)

(Pyykkonen & Jarvikivi, 2010)

(Hartshorne, Nappa,& Snedeker, BUCLD 2010)

(Arnold et al. 2000)

(Nappa, Hartshorne& Snedeker, in progress)

(Song & Fisher, 2007)

(Nappa, Hartshorne& Snedeker, in progress)

(Hartshorne, Nappa,& Snedeker, BUCLD 2010)

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