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Culture and Diversity
By: Ashlee Kolles
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Today’s Diverse ClassroomsAs future teachers how can we ensure we are creating a
welcoming, inclusive environment?• Promote equality, encourage cooperative learning, and
interdependence between groups• Educate students on prejudice, discrimination,
oppression, stereotypes• Teach students to think critically, to empathize, to
recognize moral choices, and to make their voices heard• Teach Students to respect differences
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Class ActivityRespecting Differences
I think cats make great pets
Vanilla ice cream is delicious
Red is my favorite color
I enjoy watching sports
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Two Classroom Methods To Reduce Racism, Prejudice, and
Student Exclusion• Small team method• Facing history
method• http://www.facinghi
story.org-MichelleObama
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Economic And Social Class Differences
Social Class For most, social class means just how much money
one has or doesn’t haveEducation, income, occupation, and wealth (resources, characteristics, or attributes that
people “have”) are common criteria for gauging social class
Socioeconomic StatusRelative standing in the society based on income,
power, background, and prestige
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Poverty And School Achievement
By 2010, it is likely that 40% of all American children will live in
poverty at some time in their lives (koppelman,
2008)
About one in five Americans under the
age of 18 lives in poverty.
Most success remains linked tightly with a
student’s social class status.
Contrary to many stereotypes, more poor
children live in suburban and rural
areas than in central cities
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Ethnicity and Race in
Teaching and Learning
By 2020, almost 2/3 of students will be from African American, Asian, Latina/Latino, or other Ethnic
groups” (Meece & Kurtz-Costes, 2001)
With about 65% of the students in the classroom coming from these ethnic
groups, what percentage of the teachers will come from a similar ethnicity?
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Ethnicity vs. Race – What’s the Difference?
Ethnicity- A cultural heritage shared by a group of people.
Race- A socially constructed category based on appearances and ancestry.
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Melting PotFor years, the goal of
American schools was to be the fire
under the melting pot and get new
immigrants to assimilate.
• The students needed to change – not the schools• Educators believed some students to be
“culturally deficient” or “culturally disadvantaged”• The belief that the student’s home life was inferior
because it did not prepare him for education
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Multiculturalism
“Ethnic groups today want to maintain their culture and identity while still being a
respected part of the larger society. Multiculturalism is the
goal” (p.168).
• Multiculturalism supports a society that values diversity.
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Achievement Gap based on raceSome ethnic groups consistently achieve
below the average for all students (Okagaki, 2006; Uline & Johnson, 2005).
Scores on the National Assessment of Educational Progress
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
1996 2000 2003 2006
Asian/PacificIslander
White
Hispanic
Black
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Research indicates 4 main causes of achievement gap
• The Legacy of Discrimination
• Cultural Mismatches
• Language Differences
• Poverty
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The Legacy of Discrimination
Desegregation ofSchools begin
1954- Brown vs. Board Of Education
1969- Alexander vs. HolmesCounty Board of Education
Segregation Today
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Black and Hispanic students• Chosen less
often for gifted classes
• Chosen less often for acceleration or enrichment programs
• More likely tracked into “basic skills” classes
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Stereotype Threatan apprehensiveness about confirming
a stereotype (Aronson, 2002)• Short-term Effects: Test Performance
• Long-term Effects: Disidentification
• Combating Stereotype threat: changing the students beliefs
“The message is for teachers to help all students see academic achievement as part of their ethnic, racial and gender identity”
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Impact of Stereotype Threat
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
StereotypeThreat
NoStereotype
Threat
AfricanAmericans
Caucasians
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Cultural Mismatches
• Schools are designed with the white middle-class student in mind
• Lim, Jae Hoon (2008) ‘Double Jeopardy: The Compounding Effects of Class and Race in Schools’ Equity & Excellence in Education
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How do we meet the needs of all students?
Create culturally relevant classrooms
• Students must experience academic success
• Students must develop/maintain their cultural competence
• Students must develop a critical consciousness to challenge the status quo
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Teaching Every Student
• Know your students
• Respect your students
• Teach your students