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Cultural Conformity and
Adaptation
Warm Up: List at least Warm Up: List at least
ten traditional ten traditional
American values. Hint: American values. Hint:
Freedom is a Freedom is a
traditional American traditional American
value.value.
Unit 3 - Sociology
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1. Personal Achievement
2. Individualism
3. Work
4. Morality and Humanitarianism
5. Efficiency and Practicality
6. Progress and Material Comfort
7. Equality and Democracy
8. Freedom
9. Patriotism
10. Science and Rationality
11. Group superiority
12. Education
13. Romantic Love
13 Traditional
American Values
13 Stripes in the
United States Flag
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Cultural Conformity and
Adaptation
All societies establish norms and values and All societies establish norms and values and
use internalization and sanctions to enforce use internalization and sanctions to enforce
them. Societies also change. Major sources them. Societies also change. Major sources
of change are values and beliefs, of change are values and beliefs,
technology, population, diffusion, the technology, population, diffusion, the
physical environment and wars and physical environment and wars and
conquests. Resistance to change includes conquests. Resistance to change includes
ethnocentrism and vested interests.ethnocentrism and vested interests.
Unit 3 - Sociology
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Internalization of Norms – Norms become a part of a person’s personality.
Social Control
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Internalization of Norms – Norms become a part of a person’s personality. Sanctions – rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms.
Social Control
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Internalization of Norms – Norms become a part of a person’s personality. Sanctions – rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms. Positive Sanctions – Rewards
Social Control
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Internalization of Norms – Norms become a part of a person’s personality. Sanctions – rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms. Positive Sanctions – Rewards Negative Sanctions – Punishments
Social Control
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Internalization of Norms – Norms become a part of a person’s personality Sanctions – Rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms. Positive Sanctions – Rewards Negative Sanctions – Punishments Formal Sanctions – Given by a school, business or government.
Social Control
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Internalization of Norms – Norms become a part of a person’s personality Sanctions – Rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms. Positive Sanctions – Rewards Negative Sanctions – Punishments Formal Sanctions – Given by a school, business or government Informal Sanctions – Expressions of approval or disapproval given by a group or individual.
Social Control
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Social Change
Source of Social Change
Example Social Consequence
Values and beliefs
Technology
Population
Diffusion
Physical environment
Wars and conquests
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Values and Beliefs Ideology – System of beliefs or ideas that justifies the social, moral, religious, political or economic interests held by a society Social movements - Ideologies are spread through social movements – or long term effort to promote or prevent social change.
Social Change
Sources of Social
Change – Values
and Beliefs
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The Smoking Phenomenon
In the mid 20In the mid 20thth Century, big Century, big
movie stars were happy to movie stars were happy to
endorse smokes on TV, and endorse smokes on TV, and
the number one celebrity of the number one celebrity of
the era was the Duke. John the era was the Duke. John
Wayne appeared for Camel in Wayne appeared for Camel in
1952, speaking highly of the 1952, speaking highly of the
product: "Mild and good product: "Mild and good
tasting pack after pack. And I tasting pack after pack. And I
know, I've been smokin' em know, I've been smokin' em
for twenty years."for twenty years."
Cultural Change
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The Smoking Phenomenon
Coincidentally (or not),
John Wayne died of lung
cancer twenty-seven
years after that spot
aired; some of the last
commercials he filmed
were to ask people to
stop smoking.
Cultural Change
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Technology Social change occurs when people find new ways to change their environment. Technology are the knowledge and tools people use to manipulate their environment. Discovery Invention
Social Change
Sources of Social Change –
Technology
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Population Changes in population bring about changes in the culture.
Social Change
Sources of Social
Change –
Population
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Diffusion The process of spreading culture traits from one culture to another. Reformulation – the process of adapting borrowed cultural traits and making them your own.
Social Change
Sources of Social
Change – Diffusion
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Physical Environment
The environment provides conditions that may encourage or discourage cultural change. In the six months after Hurricane Katrina, the murder rate in Houston rose 33%. Do you think there is a connection?
Social Change
Sources of Social
Change – Physical
Environment
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Wars and Conquests
Wars and conquests are not as common as other sources of change, but they bring about the greatest change in the least amount of time.
Social Change
Sources of Social Change –
Wars and Conquests
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Ethnocentrism – Change that comes from outside a society meets with particularly strong resistance Cultural Lag – Material culture usually changes faster than nonmaterial culture. Technological change often results in cultural lag. (Summer Break) Vested Interests – A person who is satisfied with the way things are now, generally resists change.
Resistance to
Cultural Change