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CST Review
People
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World History • The Rise of Democracy• Enlightenment and Democratic Revolution• The French Revolution and Napoleon• Industrialization • Imperialism • World War I• The Russian Revolution & the Rise of
Totalitarianism• World War II• The Cold War• Modern Nations and the Middle East
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CST Scoring SystemAdvancedProficient
BasicBelow Basic
Far Below Basic
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Plato• GREEK
philosopher, wrote “The Republic”, World should be governed by Philosopher Kings
PHILOSOPHER-KINGS
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Aristotle• GREEK
philosopher, Believed that the best form of government was to be run by elite ruling class called the ARISTOCRACY…
Aristocracy = Middle Class
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Thomas Hobbes
• Social Contract– People give up their
rights to a strong ruler.
• Government must have absolute power (Leviathan)
• One that could impose order, demand obedience.
Monarchs = Kings
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John Locke• People MUST govern
themselves. • Governments MUST
protect natural rights, if government fails to do so, citizens have the right to overthrow it. (Revolution)
• Grandfather of America– Influenced Jefferson &
Madison– Influenced Simon
Bolivar
People Rule
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Montesquieu• Separation of Powers
– Would keep any individual or group from gaining total control of the government.
• Checks & Balances– Each branch would
have a check on the other two.
• Basis of the US Constitution.
3 Branches Of Government
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Jean-Jacques
Rousseau• Direct
Democracy- a government freely formed by the people and guided by the “general will” of society.
• Legitimate government comes from the consent of the governed.
• All people were equal and titles of nobility should be abolished.
• Father of the French Revolution.
Popular Sovereignty
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Voltaire
• Fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech.
• Influenced the… – US Bill of Rights
• 1st Ten Amendments – French Declaration of
the Rights of Man & Citizens. Freedom of Speech, Religion
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Cesare Bonesana
Beccaria • Laws exist to
preserve social order, not to avenge crimes.
• A person accused of a crime should receive a speedy trial, and that torture should never be used.
Criminal Justice Reform
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Mary Wollstonecraft
• Vindication of the Rights of Women
• Women need education to become virtuous and useful.
• Women should have the right to participate in politics.
• Influenced women’s rights groups in Europe and North America.
Women’s Rights
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Thomas Jefferson
• Free Speech, religious freedom, and other civil liberties.
• “Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed.”
• Author of the Declaration of Independence 1776
Declaration of Independence
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James Madison
• Federal System- Power is divided between federal and state governments.
• 3 Branches of Government
• Father of the US Constitution.
Father of U.S. Constitution
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Robespierre• Leader of the
Committee of Public Safety in France during the Reign of Terror were we killed over 30,000 by guillotine for being traitors to the revolution
Committee of Public Safety
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Napoleon• Conquered
Europe–Grand Empire & Army
• Napoleonic Code–Equality For All
• French Nationalism– Idea of The Nation-
State
Napoleonic Code = Equality
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Metternich• Led Congress of
Vienna– After Napoleon’s
Downfall• Conservative (Pre-
1789)– Legitimacy (Royal
Family)– Balance of Power
(Stability)– Lasting Peace (40 Years)
• Believed In Traditional Monarchy
• Revolutions Must Be Crushed!!!
Congress of Vienna Leader
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Toussaint L’Ouverture• Father of Haiti• Haitian Revolution• 1st Black Nation• 1st Successful
Slave Revolt!
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Simon
Bolivar• Known As El
Liberatador– George Washington of
LA– Creole General of
Armies• Inspired by
Enlightenment– Revolted against Spain!
• Ideas of Jefferson & Locke
• Used British & American Government Systems in LA – Created the Republic of
Venezuela.
Liberatador Of Latin America
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Bismarck• Blood & Iron Speech
– Wars Make Nations– Realpolitik (Realism)
• Germany Formed In 1871– German Nationalism Begins
• Berlin Conference Leader– African Scramble Begins
• Fired By Kaiser Wilhelm II• Germany Super Power
– Started WWI & WWII
Father of Germany
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William Blake & William Wordsworth• Famous writers of the Romanticism
Movement where EMOTION and feelings were expressed as well as a love and awe of nature (Carpe Diem)
William WordsworthWilliam Blake
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James Watt• Steam Engine
Inventor–Propelled Steam
Boats–Train (Iron Horse)–Railroads (IR
Transportation)
• Allowed Factories To Move Away From Rivers Inland!
Steam Engine Inventor
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Eli Whitney• Cotton Gin Inventor
– Increased the need for cotton 100x and the need for slaves to work the plantations
• Textile Industry Impacted– Factories Now In
Demand!Cotton Gin Inventor
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Thomas
Edison• Greatest IR
Inventor• Electric Light Bulb• Factories Opened
24/7• ELECTRICITY to
power the Industrial Age
Electric Light Bulb
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Adam Smith• Father of Capitalism
– Laissez Faire Economics
• Wealth of Nations 1776• Free Market System
– Profit Motive– Supply & Demand– Invisible Hand– Entreprenuers
Father of Capitalism
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Marx• Father of
Communism• Communist
Manifesto• Anti-Capitalist
Economist• Government
MUST Own Factors of Production
• Profits Must Be Shared– Private Property
Forbidden
Father of Communism
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Darwin• Theory of
Evolution• Origin of Species
–“which says all species evolved over time and that the survival of the fittest has taken place (natural selection)
• Led To Racism & Imperialism
Father of Evolution
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Louis Pasteur
• Germ Theory • Killing Bacteria By
Heat– Pasteurization
• Emphasized Cleanliness
• Sanitation Movement– 1000s Lives Saved– Lifespan Increased!
Father of Germ Theory
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Henry Bessemer
• The Bessemer Process– Cheap Steel Making
• Inventor of the process that made STEEL a cheap and everyday resource to build the machines and buildings of the Industrial Age.Father of Steel
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Charles
Dickens• REALISM Writer
–Horrors of Industrial Society Were Revealed
–Wrote of The Ills of Industrialized Society• Oliver, Tale of Two
Cities–Many Reforms
Followed
Father of Realism
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Sun Yat-sen
• I successfully led the Chinese Revolution in 1911 and ended the thousand year dynasty system and led China temporarily into a Democracy with my three Principles of the People
Father of Modern China
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Kaiser Wilhelm
II• Kaiser of Germany
– Fires Bismarck– Militaristic Leader
• Wants to show all the world Germany’s strength & gain territory (Imperialism)
• Started World War I– Backed Austria in its war
with Serbia– Declares war on Russia &
France
Started World War I
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Czar Nicholas II
• Last Czar of Russia– Failed In Russo-Japan
War– 1905 Bloody Sunday
• Protected Serbia– Mobilizes Troops to
Border– Declares war on
Austria• World War I Disaster
– Went to the Front Lines– Abdicated in March
1917– Executed in June 1918
Last Czar of Russia
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Woodrow Wilson
• United States President– During WWI
(Isolationism)– Kept US out of WWI
til 1917• Enters the war to
keep "the world safe for democracy.“
• 14 Points Plan at Paris PC– League of Nations– Self Determination– Peace w/out Victory
Father of the 14 Points
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Lenin• Led Russian
Communism– 1917 Bolshevik
Revolution –Sent By the
Germans– 1918 Treaty of Brest
Litosvk
• Led Russian Civil War– 1918-1921 Red
Army Wins!• 1921 Created
Soviet Union– NEP (New
Economic Plan)– Gulags Opened
(Camps)
Father of Russian Communism
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Stalin• 1927 Stalin Takes
Power• 5 Year Plans
(Industry)• Collectivization
(Farms)• Totalitarian Regime
– Big Brother Is Watching!
• Great Purges (Terror) – Murdered over 30
million – (Terror Famine
Ukraine)• WWII Leader
– Defeated Hitler
Father of Soviet Union
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Lost Generation
• Disillusionment–Post WWI
Reaction–Progress Ruins
Man• Gertrude Stein,
F. Scott Fitzgerald & Ernest Hemingway
1920s Writers Life Is Meaningless
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Pablo Picasso
• I am the leader of the Cubism movement of 3D painting and the artist of the famous anti-war painting Guernica depicting Hitler’s bombing of an innocent Spanish city
Father of Cubism
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FDR• Great Depression Leader
– New Deal Program– Public Works Programs
• Elected 4 Times• Atlantic Charter
– Agreement w/Churchill
• WWII President– Pearl Harbor Speech– Yalta Conference– Died April 12th, 1945
Father of The New Deal
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Mussolini• Father of
FASCISM • 1922 Il Duce of
Italy• Hitler’s Role Model• Pact of Steel (Axis)• Aggression
– Invaded Ethiopia/Albania
• WWII Defeat– Executed By People
Father of Fascism
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Hitler• Nazi Germany
Leader – 1922 Mein Kampf– 1933 Takes Power
Legally– 1936-1939
Lebensraum– Der Furher & 3rd
Reich– Invades Poland In
1939 • WWII Begins
• Final Solution (War On Jews)– 6 Millions Jews Killed
Father of Nazi Germany
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Hirohito• The Living Sun
God• East Asia Co-Prosperity
Sphere
• Militarists Take Power–Manchuria, Korea,
China–Rape of Nanking
1937• Surrendered August
15th, 1945– Hiroshima &
Nagasaki
Emperor of Japan
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Churchill• British Prime
Minister–“Finest Hour”
• Battle of Britain–“We Will Never
Give Up”• Defeat of Hitler
–Kept Britain FREE• Iron Curtain
SpeechThe British Bulldog
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Eisenhower• I am the
Supreme Allied Commander who led the D-Day invasion on June 6th, 1944 which led to the defeat of Hitler’s 3rd Reich
D-Day Invasion
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MacArthur• Pacific Commander
– Island Hopping Strategy
• USS Missouri– Surrender of Japan
• Japan’s Recovery– Democratization– Demilitarization– Japan Constitution
(#1)• Korean War
– Pushed Back The North– Fired By Truman
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Gandhi• Non Violence &
Civil Disobedience Strategy–Known As
Satyagraha • Fastings & Salt
March • 1947 Indian
Independence• 1948
Assassination
Father of India
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Mao• Communism in
China– Emperor of The
Peasants• Long March
– Legendary Escape• 1949 Peoples Republic
of China– REDS Win Civil War
• Great Leap Forward– Greatest Failure (20
Million)• Cultural Revolution
– Mao’s Comeback• Red Guards & Little Red
Book
Father of Chinese Communism
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Gorbachev• My policies of
glasnost & perestroika accidentally ended communism in Eastern Europe and the Cold War
Ended The Soviet Union
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Mandela• After spending
27 years in prison I was released and went on to become the President of South Africa after its first free election
Ended Apartheid