![Page 1: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Crash and Safety overview
Contents1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA
2. Crashworthiness Restraint Technologies
3. Crash Legal Requirements
4. New Car Assessment Program (NCAP)
5. Front Impact Overview
6. Side Impact Overview
7. Roof Crash Overview7. Roof Crash Overview
![Page 2: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
FMVSS :‐ US Crash Regulations ECE :‐ Europe Crash Regulations
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 3: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Crashworthiness Restraint Technologies
Lap / ShoulderSafety Belts
Seat Belt Use Reminder
Dual PretensionersBelt Comfort Guide
Energy Management System
Dual Pretensioners
Knee Air Bags
Driver and PassengerFront Air Bags ‐‐ Dual Level
Automatic Door Locks
Rollover‐capableHead Curtain Air Bag
PassengerSensing
Side Impact Air BagsSystem
![Page 4: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Crash Legal Requirements and Consumer Rating
Legal requirementsFMVSS 208 ConsumerECE‐R94…
Consumer ratingsUS NCAPEURO NCAP
•Test setups (rigid barrier, ODB, … )
•Dummies (5%ile female, 50%ile male, …)… ( % , % , )
•Crash velocities (40km/h, 56km/h, … )
Basis of ratings: Dummy criteriaBasis of ratings: Dummy criteria
Design of Restraint SystemAdjustment of belt + airbag systems for best overall performance
![Page 5: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 6: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 7: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 8: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 9: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 10: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 11: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 12: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 13: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 14: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 15: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 16: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 17: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 18: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Front ImpactFront Impact
![Page 19: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Types of Frontal Load cases
Frontal impact
yp
High Speed Low speed
FMVSS 208 CONSUMER METRIC TEST Danner
OFFSET DEFORMABLE
BARRIERIIHS EURONCAP
RIGID BARRIERNCAP
IIHS , EURONCAP
![Page 20: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 21: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 22: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Physics of a Crash
v• Kinetic Energy = ½ mv2
• Work = F*D; where• F ‐> Average Force on Vehicle by Wall• D ‐> Crush + Rebound of Vehicle
• Dissipate KE into Vehicle Deformation (or Work) but away from occupant
• Energy Dissipation Rate α Injury
F
• Energy Dissipation Rate α Injury
• Constant Force as “ideal”• Axial Crush as preferred mode• Maximize Crush Space• Minimize Intrusion
![Page 23: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Structural Deformation in a Crash
rce
Crush
For
Bending
Deflection
![Page 24: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Crush Space Measurement
Static Crush Space = Free Crush + Crushed ComponentsDynamic Crush = Static Crush Space + Dynamic Dash Intrusion
![Page 25: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Load Distribution PhilosophyLoad Distribution PhilosophyTransition Zone bridges offset between loadpaths in crush zone & safety cage;
enables effective load transfer & provides stability control
![Page 26: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Side Impact
![Page 27: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 28: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 29: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 30: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 31: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Primary Load Path in Side Impact
St t l it iStructural criteria:• Load transfer continuity to doors.• Small relative displacements• Small absolute displacements up to t=40ms for enabling air bag inflationt 40ms for enabling air bag inflation
![Page 32: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Roof Crush
![Page 33: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 34: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 35: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Ref:‐ Safety Companion 2011 (Carhs)
![Page 36: Crash and Safety overviewweb.iitd.ac.in/~achawla/public_html/736/11-Crash_Safety_practices.pdf · Crash and Safety overview Contents 1. Crash Rules and regulation in Europe and USA](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022013014/5a7ff86e7f8b9a571e8c2749/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)