Download - Course Swh
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7/28/2019 Course Swh
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Clean Energy Project Analysis Course
Minister of Natural Resources Canada 20012004.
Photo Credit: NRCan
Solar Water HeatingProject Analysis
Glazed Flat Plate Collectors, Ontario, Canada
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7/28/2019 Course Swh
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Minister of Natural Resources Canada 20012004.
Objectives
Review basics ofSolar Water Heating (SWH) systems
Illustrate key considerations forSWH project analysis
Introduce RETScreen SWH Project Model
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Minister of Natural Resources Canada 20012004.
Domestic Hot Water
Process Heat
Swimming PoolHeating
but also Increased hot water
storage
Extended swimmingseason (pool heating)
What do SWH systems provide?
Photo Credit: Vadim Belotserkovsky
Conference Centre, Bethel, Lesotho
Housing Development, Kungsbacka, Sweden
Photo Credit: Alpo Winberg/ Solar Energy Association of Sweden
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Minister of Natural Resources Canada 20012004.
Components of SWH Systems
Photo Credit: NRCan
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Unglazed Solar Collectors
Low cost
Low temperature
Rugged
Lightweight
Seasonal pool
heating Low pressure
Poor performance in cold or windy weather
Photo Credit: NRCan
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Minister of Natural Resources Canada 20012004.
Glazed Flat Plate Solar Collectors
Moderate cost
Higher temperature
operation
Can operate atmains water
pressure
Heavier and morefragile
Photo Credit: NRCan
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Evacuated Tube Collectors
Higher cost
No convection losses
High temperature
Cold climates
Fragile
Installationcan be morecomplicated
Snow is less ofa problem
Photo Credit: NRCan
Photo Credit: Nautilus
Tube Developed and Manufactured in China
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Solar Water Heating in VariousClimates
For a domestic solar water heating system with 6 m2 of glazedcollector, a demand of 300 L/day of hot water at 60C and 300 L ofstorage, the solar fraction is:
21% in Troms, Norway (70N)
40% in Yellowknife, Canada (62N)
32% in Warsaw, Poland (52N)
51% in Harbin, China (46N)
67% in Sacramento, USA (39N)
39% in Tokyo, Japan (36N)
78% in Marrakech, Morocco (32N)
75% in Beer-Sheva, Israel (31N)
81% in Matam, Senegal (16N)
59% in Puerto Limn, Costa Rica (10N)
59% in Jakarta, Indonesia (6S)
86% in Huancayo, Peru (12S)
69% in Harare, Zimbabwe (18S)
65% in Sydney, Australia (34S)
39% in Punta Arenas, Chile (53S)
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Examples of SWH System Costsand Benefits
Glazed year-round system(w/storage)
La Paz, Bolivia
2.2 GJ/m2
$400/m2
Evacuated tube year-roundsystem
(w/storage)
Copenhagen, Denmark
1.8 GJ/m2
$1,000/m2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
5 15 25 35 45
Cost of energy ($/GJ)
Annual
Savings($/m2)
G
as@$
0.1
5/m3
G
as@$
0.5
0/m3
Electric
ity@$
0.0
5/kWh
Electric
ity@$
0.1
5/kWh
Unglazed summer-only swimming pool
Montreal, Canada
1.5 GJ/m2
$150/m2
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Solar Water Heating ProjectConsiderations
Factors for successful projects:
Large demand for hot water to reduce importance of fixed costs
High energy costs (e.g. natural gas not available)
No reliable conventional energy supply
Strong environmental interest by building owner/operator
Daytime hot water loads require less storage
Lower cost, seasonal systems can be financially preferable tohigher-cost year-round systems
Maintenance similar to any plumbing system, but operator mustbe committed to timely maintenance and repairs
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Examples: Australia, Botswana and Sweden
Domestic Hot Water Systems
On-grid, need a committed homeowner
Can have long payback when energy prices are low
Systems provide 20 to 80% of hot water
Off-grid or where the energy supply is unreliable
Photo Credit: Marie Andrn, Solar Energy Association of Sweden Photo Credit: Vadim Belotserkovsky
Photo Credit: The Australian Greenhouse Office
Thermosiphon System, Australia
House for Medical Staff in Rural Area, BotswanaHomes, Malm, Sweden
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Examples: USA and Canada
Swimming Pool Systems
Low-cost unglazed collectors Summer pools in cold climates
Extend the season in warm climates
For summer use on a year-round pool in coldclimates
Can have 1 to 5-year paybacks
Glazed collectors for heat year-round
Filtration system serves as pump
Photo Credit: NRCan
Photo Credit: Aquatherm Industries/ NREL Pix
Pool system, Canada
Community Pool System, Ontario, Canada
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Examples: Greece and CanadaCommercial/Industrial Hot Water Systems
Hotels/motels, apartments and office buildings
Health centres & hospitals
Car washes, laundromats, restaurants
Sport facilities, schools, shower facilities
Aquaculture, other small industry
Photo Credit: NRCanPhoto Credit: Regional Energy Agency of Crete/ISES
Hotel, Agio Nikolaos, Crete Aquaculture Operation, British Columbia, Canada
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RETScreenSolar Water HeatingProject Model
World-wide analysis of energy production, life-cycle costs andgreenhouse gas emissions reductions
Glazed, unglazed, and evacuated tube
Indoor and outdoor swimming pools(w/ or w/o cover)
Service hot water systems(w/ and w/o storage)
Only 12 points of data for RETScreen
vs. 8,760 for hourly simulation models
Currently not covered: Changes in service hot water daily loads
Stand-alone service hot water
Systems w/o storage havinghigh solar fractions
Sun tracking, concentrator & integrated solar collectors
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See e-Textbook
Clean Energy Project Analysis:RETScreen Engineering and Cases
Solar Water Heating Project Analysis Chapter
RETScreenSWH Energy Calculation
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Example Validation of theRETScreen SWH Project Model
RETScreen compared to:
WATSUN for domestichot water system in Toronto,Canada:
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Measured annual solar energy delivered (kWh)
RETScreenpredictedannuals
olarenergydelivered
(kWh)
ENERPOOL for 48-m2 summerpool in Montreal, Canada
Energy required to within 2%
Monitored data from a1,200 m2 summer pool inMhringen, Germany
Energy required to within 3%and solar energy production towithin 14%
RETScreen vs. monitored datafrom 10 domestic hot watersystems in Guelph, Canada
RETScreen WATSUN Diff.
Incident radiation (GJ) 24.34 24.79 -1.8%
Load (GJ) 19.64 19.73 -0.5%
Energy delivered (GJ) 8.02 8.01 0.1%
Pump run time (h) 1,874 1,800 4.1%
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Conclusions
Unglazed, glazed and evacuated tube collectors provide hot water formany uses in any climate
Significant hot water demand, high energy costs, and strongcommitment on part of owner/operator are important factors in success
RETScreen calculates:
Service hot water load and swimming pool load
Performance of solar swimming pool and service hot water systems with or without
storage RETScreen is an annual analysis with monthly resource calculation that
can achieve accuracy comparable to hourly simulation models
RETScreen can provide significant preliminary feasibility study costsavings
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Questions?
Solar Water Heating Project Analysis Module
RETScreen International Clean Energy Project Analysis Course
www.retscreen.netFor further information please visit the RETScreen Website at