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Operating systems
Unit objectives Identify operating system
fundamentals Manage files on a computer
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Dependability features
Stable OS architecture System restore Device driver rollback Device driver verification Reduced reboot scenarios Scalable memory/processor support
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Application failure reduction
Side-by-side DLLs Windows File Protection Windows Installer Internet Explorer Add-on Manager
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Security features
Windows Firewall Encrypting File System (EFS) IP Security Kerberos Smart card support Windows Security Center
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Management and deployment
Application compatibility User State Migration Tool Hardware standards support Dynamic updates IEAK System Preparation Tool Setup Manager Remote OS Installation Multilingual support
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Desktop management features
Remote Assistance Group policies Help and Support Center Microsoft Management Console
(MMC) Recovery console Safe Mode Startup Options
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Mobile-computing features
Remote desktop Offline file and folder support Offline viewing Laptop power management features Hot docking Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface
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Networking features
Wireless networking Home networking Network Setup Wizard Network bridge Internet Connection Sharing Bluetooth 2.0
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Windows XP Professional features
Remote desktop Multiprocessor support Automated System Recovery (ASR) Dynamic disk support Fax service Internet Information Services
(IIS)/Personal Web server Encrypting File System (EFS)
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Windows XP Pro features, continued
File-level access control – Windows XP Home Edition/Professional
computers that are not domain members use Simple File Sharing
C2 certification Domain membership Group policies IntelliMirror Remote Installation Services (RIS) Roaming profiles continued
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Windows XP Pro features, continued
Multilingual support 64-bit version IPSec user interface SNMP Simple TCP/IP services SAP agent Client services for NetWare Network monitor Client-side caching Administrative tools
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Windows 2000 Professional
Start menu Taskbar System tray
My Computer
My NetworkPlaces
Recycle Bin
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Windows Explorer
Date created or modified
FiletypeFiles
Filesize
ToolbarMenu bar
Drive
Drive
Folder/directories
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System tools
Control Panel Computer Management Console Accessories/System Tools Command-line utility Device Manager
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Command/cmd
Basic syntax:command
cmd
Optional parameters and switches:command drive:path device ►/e:nnnn /p /c string /msg
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Dir command
Basic syntax:dir
Optional parameters and switches:
dir drive:path filename /p /w ►/a:attributes /o:sortorder /s ► /b /l
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/a:attributes
h Hidden files
-h Non-hidden files
s System files
-s Non-system files
d Directories
-d Files only (not directories)
a Files ready for archiving
-a Files that have not changed since thelast archive
r Read-only files
-r Non-read-only files
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/o:sortorder
n Alphabetical order by name-n Reverse alphabetical order by name e Alphabetical order by file extension-e Reverse alphabetical order by
extension d Chronological by date and time, oldest
to newest-d Chronological by date and time,
newest to oldest s By size, smallest to largest-s By size, largest to smallest g Grouped directories, then files-g Grouped files, then directories
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Chdir/cd command
Basic syntax:chdir
cd
Optional parameters:chdir drive:path or cd drive:path
chdir.. or cd..
chdir \ or cd \
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Navigating in Windows Explorer
1. Click Start and choose All Programs, Accessories, Windows Explorer
2. Click the plus sign (+) next to a drive or folder
3. Select a drive or subfolder
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Creating a directory (Windows Explorer)
1. In the navigation pane, select the drive or folder where you want to create the new folder
2. Choose File, New, Folder
3. Type the name of the new folder
4. Press Enter
Maximum depth of folder structure is 255 characters – Includes characters representing the drive,
plus any file-name extensions
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Copying in Windows Explorer
1. In the navigation pane, select the directory you want to copy – To select multiple directories, hold
down Ctrl and select each directory
2. Choose Edit, Copy
3. In the navigation pane, select the target location
4. Choose Edit, Paste
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Deleting in Windows Explorer
1. Select the folder you want to remove
2. Choose File, Delete
3. Click Yes to confirm moving the folder and its contents to the Recycle Bin
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File extensions
.bat Batch file .bin Binary file .bmp; .gif; Image file
.jpeg; .jpg;
.png; .tif .com Command file .exe Executable file for programs .hlp; .chm Help file .htm; .html Hypertext markup language
(HTML) file for documents on the Web
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File extensions, continued
.inf Configuration settings file usedduring setup/installation
.ini Configuration settings file .msi Windows installer package file .rtf Rich text file; allows
formatting .sys System file .txt Plain text file .vbs Visual Basic script file
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File-name limits
MS-DOS — eight-character limit– 8.3– eight characters for the name – three characters for the extension– separated by a period
Windows — 255-character limit
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Creating a text file
1. Click Start and choose All Programs, Accessories, Notepad
2. Enter the desired text
3. Choose File, Save As
4. From the Save In list, select the desired directory
5. In the File Name box, type a name
6. Verify that Text Documents (*.txt) is selected in the Save as type box
7. Click Save
8. Choose File, Exit
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Attrib command
Basic syntax:attrib
Optional parameters and switches:attrib +r|-r +a|-a +s|-s +h|-h ►drive:path\filename /s
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Attrib switches
+r Assigns the read-only attribute
-r Removes the read-only attribute
+a Assigns the archive attribute
-a Removes the archive attribute
+s Sets the file as a system file
-s Clears the system file attribute
+h Assigns the hidden attribute
-h Removes the hidden attribute
/s Applies the command to all files inthe current directory and its subdirectories
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Editing a file in Notepad
1. Click Start and choose All Programs, Accessories, Notepad
2. Choose File, Open
3. In the Look in list, locate and select folder containing the text file
4. In the file list, select the file
5. Click Open
6. Modify the text
7. Save the file and then exit Notepad
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File permissions
NTFS file security– Windows NT Workstation– Windows 2000 Professional– Windows XP Home Edition– Windows XP Media Center Edition– Windows XP Professional
Windows XP Home Edition – Uses Simple File Sharing
Windows XP Professional – Can use either Simple File Sharing or the
classic security interface
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NTFS folder permissions
Full control Modify Read & execute List folder contents Read Write
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Considerations
Each user account can have multiple NTFS permissions assigned to it
NTFS permissions are cumulative NTFS permissions are inherited
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Assigning permissions
1. If necessary, disable Simple File Sharing
2. Open Windows Explorer
3. Navigate to the desired folder or file
4. Right-click the folder or file and choose Sharing and Security
5. Activate the Security tab
6. Select the desired user or group
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Assigning permissions, continued
7. Check Allow or Deny to set the desired permissions
8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for additional users or groups
9. Click OK